147 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "kubectl 介绍"
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content_type: concept
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weight: 1
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---
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<!--
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title: "Introduction to kubectl"
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content_type: concept
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weight: 1
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-->
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<!--
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kubectl is the Kubernetes cli version of a swiss army knife, and can do many things.
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While this Book is focused on using kubectl to declaratively manage applications in Kubernetes, it
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also covers other kubectl functions.
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-->
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kubectl 是 Kubernetes CLI 版本的瑞士军刀，可以胜任多种多样的任务。
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本文主要介绍如何使用 kubectl 在 Kubernetes 中声明式管理应用，本文还涵盖了一些其他的 kubectl 功能。
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<!--
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## Command Families
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Most kubectl commands typically fall into one of a few categories:
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-->
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## 命令分类 {#command-families}
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大多数 kubectl 命令通常可以分为以下几类：
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<!--
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| Type | Used For | Description |
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|----------------------------------------|----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|
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| Declarative Resource Management | Deployment and operations (e.g. GitOps) | Declaratively manage Kubernetes workloads using resource configuration |
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| Imperative Resource Management | Development Only | Run commands to manage Kubernetes workloads using Command Line arguments and flags |
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| Printing Workload State | Debugging | Print information about workloads |
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| Interacting with Containers | Debugging | Exec, attach, cp, logs |
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| Cluster Management | Cluster operations | Drain and cordon Nodes |
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-->
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| 类型 | 用途 | 描述 |
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|-----|------|------|
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| 声明式资源管理 | 部署和运维（如 GitOps）| 使用资源管理声明式管理 Kubernetes 工作负载 |
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| 命令式资源管理 | 仅限开发环境 | 使用命令行参数和标志来管理 Kubernetes 工作负载 |
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| 打印工作负载状态 | 调试 | 打印有关工作负载的信息 |
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| 与容器交互 | 调试 | 执行、挂接、复制、日志 |
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| 集群管理 | 集群运维 | 排空和封锁节点 |
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<!--
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## Declarative Application Management
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The preferred approach for managing resources is through
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declarative files called resource configuration used with the kubectl *Apply* command.
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This command reads a local (or remote) file structure and modifies cluster state to
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reflect the declared intent.
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-->
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## 声明式应用管理 {#declarative-application-management}
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管理资源的首选方法是配合 kubectl **Apply** 命令一起使用名为资源的声明式文件。
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此命令读取本地（或远程）文件结构，并修改集群状态以反映声明的意图。
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{{< alert color="success" title="Apply" >}}
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<!--
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Apply is the preferred mechanism for managing resources in a Kubernetes cluster.
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-->
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Apply 是在 Kubernetes 集群中管理资源的首选机制。
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{{< /alert >}}
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<!--
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## Printing State about Workloads
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Users will need to view workload state.
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- Printing summarize state and information about resources
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- Printing complete state and information about resources
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- Printing specific fields from resources
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- Query resources matching labels
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-->
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## 打印工作负载状态 {#printing-state-about-workloads}
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用户需要查看工作负载状态。
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- 打印关于资源的摘要状态和信息
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- 打印关于资源的完整状态和信息
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- 打印资源的特定字段
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- 查询与标签匹配的资源
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<!--
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## Debugging Workloads
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kubectl supports debugging by providing commands for:
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- Printing Container logs
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- Printing cluster events
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- Exec or attaching to a Container
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- Copying files from Containers in the cluster to a user's filesystem
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-->
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## 调试工作负载 {#debugging-workloads}
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kubectl 支持通过提供以下命令进行调试：
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- 打印 Container 日志
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- 打印集群事件
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- 执行或挂接到 Container
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- 将集群中 Container 中的文件复制到用户的文件系统
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<!--
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## Cluster Management
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On occasion, users may need to perform operations to the Nodes of cluster. kubectl supports
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commands to drain workloads from a Node so that it can be decommissioned or debugged.
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-->
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## 集群管理 {#cluster-management}
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有时用户可能需要对集群的节点执行操作。
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kubectl 支持使用命令将工作负载从节点中排空，以便节点可以被停用或调试。
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<!--
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## Porcelain
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Users may find using resource configuration overly verbose for *development* and prefer to work with
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the cluster *imperatively* with a shell-like workflow. kubectl offers porcelain commands for
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generating and modifying resources.
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- Generating + creating resources such as Deployments, StatefulSets, Services, ConfigMaps, etc.
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- Setting fields on resources
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- Editing (live) resources in a text editor
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-->
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## Porcelain
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用户可能会发现使用资源管理进行 **开发** 过于繁琐，
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他们更喜欢使用类似于 Shell 的工作流以 **命令式** 与集群交互。
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kubectl 提供了用于生成和修改资源的 Porcelain 命令。
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- 生成和创建 Deployment、StatefulSet、Service、ConfigMap 等这类资源
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- 设置资源的字段
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- 在文本编辑器中（实时）编辑资源
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<!--
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{{< alert color="warning" title="Porcelain For Dev Only" >}}
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Porcelain commands are time saving for experimenting with workloads in a dev cluster, but shouldn't
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be used for production.
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{{< /alert >}}
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-->
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{{< alert color="warning" title="Porcelain 仅限开发使用" >}}
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Porcelain 命令在开发集群中进行工作负载实验时可以节省时间，但不应用于生产。
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{{< /alert >}}
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