635 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
635 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "示例：使用 Redis 部署 PHP 留言板应用程序"
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 20
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card:
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name: tutorials
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weight: 30
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title: "无状态应用示例：基于 Redis 的 PHP Guestbook"
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.14
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source: https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/tutorials/guestbook
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---
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<!--
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title: "Example: Deploying PHP Guestbook application with Redis"
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reviewers:
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- ahmetb
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 20
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card:
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name: tutorials
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weight: 30
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title: "Stateless Example: PHP Guestbook with Redis"
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.14
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This tutorial shows you how to build and deploy a simple _(not production ready)_, multi-tier web application using Kubernetes and [Docker](https://www.docker.com/). This example consists of the following components:
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-->
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本教程向您展示如何使用 Kubernetes 和 [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) 构建和部署
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一个简单的 _(非面向生产的)_ 多层 web 应用程序。本例由以下组件组成：
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<!--
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* A single-instance [Redis](https://www.redis.io/) to store guestbook entries
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* Multiple web frontend instances
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-->
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* 单实例 [Redis](https://www.redis.io/) 以保存留言板条目
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* 多个 web 前端实例
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}}
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<!--
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* Start up a Redis leader.
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* Start up two Redis followers.
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* Start up the guestbook frontend.
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* Expose and view the Frontend Service.
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* Clean up.
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-->
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* 启动 Redis 领导者（Leader）
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* 启动两个 Redis 跟随者（Follower）
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* 公开并查看前端服务
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* 清理
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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{{< version-check >}}
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<!-- lessoncontent -->
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<!--
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## Start up the Redis Database
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-->
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## 启动 Redis 数据库
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<!--
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The guestbook application uses Redis to store its data.
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-->
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留言板应用程序使用 Redis 存储数据。
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<!--
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### Creating the Redis Deployment
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-->
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### 创建 Redis Deployment
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<!--
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The manifest file, included below, specifies a Deployment controller that runs a single replica Redis Pod.
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-->
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下面包含的清单文件指定了一个 Deployment 控制器，该控制器运行一个 Redis Pod 副本。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/redis-leader-deployment.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Launch a terminal window in the directory you downloaded the manifest files.
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1. Apply the Redis Deployment from the `redis-leader-deployment.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 在下载清单文件的目录中启动终端窗口。
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2. 从 `redis-leader-deployment.yaml` 文件中应用 Redis Deployment：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/redis-leader-deployment.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/redis-leader-deployment.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify that the Redis Pod is running:
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-->
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3. 查询 Pod 列表以验证 Redis Pod 是否正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```shell
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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redis-leader-fb76b4755-xjr2n 1/1 Running 0 13s
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```
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to view the logs from the Redis leader Pod:
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-->
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4. 运行以下命令查看 Redis Deployment 中的日志：
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```shell
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kubectl logs -f deployment/redis-leader
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```
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<!--
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### Creating the Redis leader Service
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-->
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### 创建 Redis 领导者服务
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<!--
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The guestbook application needs to communicate to the Redis to write its data. You need to apply a [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) to proxy the traffic to the Redis Pod. A Service defines a policy to access the Pods.
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-->
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留言板应用程序需要往 Redis 中写数据。因此，需要创建
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[Service](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) 来转发 Redis Pod
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的流量。Service 定义了访问 Pod 的策略。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/redis-leader-service.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the Redis Service from the following `redis-leader-service.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 使用下面的 `redis-leader-service.yaml` 文件创建 Redis的服务：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/redis-leader-service.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/redis-leader-service.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Services to verify that the Redis Service is running:
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-->
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2. 查询服务列表验证 Redis 服务是否正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get service
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```shell
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1m
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redis-leader ClusterIP 10.103.78.24 <none> 6379/TCP 16s
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```
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<!--
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This manifest file creates a Service named `redis-leader` with a set of labels that match the labels previously defined, so the Service routes network traffic to the Redis Pod.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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这个清单文件创建了一个名为 `redis-leader` 的 Service，其中包含一组
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与前面定义的标签匹配的标签，因此服务将网络流量路由到 Redis Pod 上。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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### Set up Redis followers
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Although the Redis leader is a single Pod, you can make it highly available and meet traffic demands by adding a few Redis followers, or replicas.
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-->
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### 设置 Redis 跟随者
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尽管 Redis 领导者只有一个 Pod，你可以通过添加若干 Redis 跟随者来将其配置为高可用状态，
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以满足流量需求。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/redis-follower-deployment.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the Redis Service from the following `redis-follower-deployment.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 应用下面的 `redis-follower-deployment.yaml` 文件创建 Redis Deployment：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/redis-follower-deployment.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/redis-follower-deployment.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Verify that the two Redis follower replicas are running by querying the list of Pods:
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-->
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2. 通过查询 Pods 列表，验证两个 Redis 跟随者副本在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该类似于这样：
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-82sfr 1/1 Running 0 37s
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redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-qrt5k 1/1 Running 0 38s
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redis-leader-fb76b4755-xjr2n 1/1 Running 0 11m
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```
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<!--
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### Creating the Redis follower service
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The guestbook application needs to communicate with the Redis followers to read data. To make the Redis followers discoverable, you must set up another [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
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-->
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### 创建 Redis 跟随者服务
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Guestbook 应用需要与 Redis 跟随者通信以读取数据。
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为了让 Redis 跟随者可被发现，你必须创建另一个
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[Service](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/redis-follower-service.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the Redis Service from the following `redis-follower-service.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 应用如下所示 `redis-follower-service.yaml` 文件中的 Redis Service：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/redis-follower-service.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/redis-follower-service.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Services to verify that the Redis Service is running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Service 列表，验证 Redis 服务在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get service
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该类似于这样：
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```
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d19h
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redis-follower ClusterIP 10.110.162.42 <none> 6379/TCP 9s
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redis-leader ClusterIP 10.103.78.24 <none> 6379/TCP 6m10s
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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This manifest file creates a Service named `redis-follower` with a set of labels that match the labels previously defined, so the Service routes network traffic to the Redis Pod.
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-->
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清单文件创建了一个名为 `redis-follower` 的 Service，该 Service
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具有一些与之前所定义的标签相匹配的标签，因此该 Service 能够将网络流量
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路由到 Redis Pod 之上。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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## Set up and Expose the Guestbook Frontend
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-->
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## 设置并公开留言板前端
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<!--
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Now that you have the Redis storage of your guestbook up and running, start the guestbook web servers. Like the Redis followers, the frontend is deployed using a Kubernetes Deployment.
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The guestbook app uses a PHP frontend. It is configured to communicate with either the Redis follower or leader Services, depending on whether the request is a read or a write. The frontend exposes a JSON interface, and serves a jQuery-Ajax-based UX.
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-->
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现在你有了一个为 Guestbook 应用配置的 Redis 存储处于运行状态，
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接下来可以启动 Guestbook 的 Web 服务器了。
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与 Redis 跟随者类似，前端也是使用 Kubernetes Deployment 来部署的。
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Guestbook 应用使用 PHP 前端。该前端被配置成与后端的 Redis 跟随者或者
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领导者服务通信，具体选择哪个服务取决于请求是读操作还是写操作。
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前端对外暴露一个 JSON 接口，并提供基于 jQuery-Ajax 的用户体验。
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<!--
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### Creating the Guestbook Frontend Deployment
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-->
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### 创建 Guestbook 前端 Deployment
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the frontend Deployment from the `frontend-deployment.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 应用来自 `frontend-deployment.yaml` 文件的前端 Deployment：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify that the three frontend replicas are running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Pod 列表，验证三个前端副本正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods -l app=guestbook -l tier=frontend
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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frontend-85595f5bf9-5tqhb 1/1 Running 0 47s
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frontend-85595f5bf9-qbzwm 1/1 Running 0 47s
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frontend-85595f5bf9-zchwc 1/1 Running 0 47s
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```
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<!--
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### Creating the Frontend Service
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-->
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### 创建前端服务
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<!--
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The `Redis` Services you applied is only accessible within the Kubernetes cluster because the default type for a Service is [ClusterIP](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#publishing-services-service-types). `ClusterIP` provides a single IP address for the set of Pods the Service is pointing to. This IP address is accessible only within the cluster.
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-->
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应用的 `Redis` 服务只能在 Kubernetes 集群中访问，因为服务的默认类型是
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[ClusterIP](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#publishing-services-service-types)。
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`ClusterIP` 为服务指向的 Pod 集提供一个 IP 地址。这个 IP 地址只能在集群中访问。
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<!--
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If you want guests to be able to access your guestbook, you must configure the frontend Service to be externally visible, so a client can request the Service from outside the Kubernetes cluster. However a Kubernetes user you can use `kubectl port-forward` to access the service even though it uses a `ClusterIP`.
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-->
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如果你希望访客能够访问你的 Guestbook，你必须将前端服务配置为外部可见的，
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以便客户端可以从 Kubernetes 集群之外请求服务。
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然而即便使用了 `ClusterIP`，Kubernetes 用户仍可以通过
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`kubectl port-forward` 访问服务。
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<!--
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Some cloud providers, like Google Compute Engine or Google Kubernetes Engine, support external load balancers. If your cloud provider supports load balancers and you want to use it, uncomment `type: LoadBalancer`.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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一些云提供商，如 Google Compute Engine 或 Google Kubernetes Engine，
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支持外部负载均衡器。如果你的云提供商支持负载均衡器，并且你希望使用它，
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只需取消注释 `type: LoadBalancer`。
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{{< /note >}}
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the frontend Service from the `frontend-service.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 应用来自 `frontend-service.yaml` 文件中的前端服务：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Services to verify that the frontend Service is running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Service 列表以验证前端服务正在运行:
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```shell
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kubectl get services
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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|
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```
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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frontend ClusterIP 10.97.28.230 <none> 80/TCP 19s
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 3d19h
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redis-follower ClusterIP 10.110.162.42 <none> 6379/TCP 5m48s
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redis-leader ClusterIP 10.103.78.24 <none> 6379/TCP 11m
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```
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||
|
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<!--
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### Viewing the Frontend Service via `kubectl port-forward`
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-->
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### 通过 `kubectl port-forward` 查看前端服务
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to forward port `8080` on your local machine to port `80` on the service.
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令将本机的 `8080` 端口转发到服务的 `80` 端口。
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```shell
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kubectl port-forward svc/frontend 8080:80
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
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Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80
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```
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<!--
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1. load the page [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080) in your browser to view your guestbook.
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-->
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2. 在浏览器中加载 [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080)
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页面以查看 Guestbook。
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<!--
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### Viewing the Frontend Service via `LoadBalancer`
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-->
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### 通过 `LoadBalancer` 查看前端服务
|
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|
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<!--
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If you deployed the `frontend-service.yaml` manifest with type: `LoadBalancer` you need to find the IP address to view your Guestbook.
|
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-->
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如果你部署了 `frontend-service.yaml`，需要找到用来查看 Guestbook 的
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IP 地址。
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|
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to get the IP address for the frontend Service.
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令以获取前端服务的 IP 地址。
|
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|
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```shell
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kubectl get service frontend
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```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The response should be similar to this:
|
||
-->
|
||
响应应该与此类似：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
frontend LoadBalancer 10.51.242.136 109.197.92.229 80:32372/TCP 1m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Copy the external IP address, and load the page in your browser to view your guestbook.
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 复制这里的外部 IP 地址，然后在浏览器中加载页面以查看留言板。
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
Try adding some guestbook entries by typing in a message, and clicking Submit. The message you typed appears in the frontend. This message indicates that data is successfully added to Redis through the Services you created earlier.
|
||
-->
|
||
尝试通过输入消息并点击 Submit 来添加一些留言板条目。
|
||
你所输入的消息会在前端显示。这一消息表明数据被通过你
|
||
之前所创建的 Service 添加到 Redis 存储中。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Scale the Web Frontend
|
||
-->
|
||
## 扩展 Web 前端
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
You can scale up or down as needed because your servers are defined as a Service that uses a Deployment controller.
|
||
-->
|
||
你可以根据需要执行伸缩操作，这是因为服务器本身被定义为使用一个
|
||
Deployment 控制器的 Service。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Run the following command to scale up the number of frontend Pods:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 运行以下命令扩展前端 Pod 的数量：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=5
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Query the list of Pods to verify the number of frontend Pods running:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 查询 Pod 列表验证正在运行的前端 Pod 的数量：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The response should look similar to this:
|
||
-->
|
||
响应应该类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-5df5m 1/1 Running 0 83s
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-7zmg5 1/1 Running 0 83s
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-cpskg 1/1 Running 0 15m
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-l2l54 1/1 Running 0 14m
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-l9c8z 1/1 Running 0 14m
|
||
redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-82sfr 1/1 Running 0 97m
|
||
redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-qrt5k 1/1 Running 0 97m
|
||
redis-leader-fb76b4755-xjr2n 1/1 Running 0 108m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Run the following command to scale down the number of frontend Pods:
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 运行以下命令缩小前端 Pod 的数量：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Query the list of Pods to verify the number of frontend Pods running:
|
||
-->
|
||
4. 查询 Pod 列表验证正在运行的前端 Pod 的数量：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The response should look similar to this:
|
||
-->
|
||
响应应该类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-cpskg 1/1 Running 0 16m
|
||
frontend-85595f5bf9-l9c8z 1/1 Running 0 15m
|
||
redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-82sfr 1/1 Running 0 98m
|
||
redis-follower-dddfbdcc9-qrt5k 1/1 Running 0 98m
|
||
redis-leader-fb76b4755-xjr2n 1/1 Running 0 109m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "cleanup" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Deleting the Deployments and Services also deletes any running Pods. Use labels to delete multiple resources with one command.
|
||
-->
|
||
删除 Deployments 和服务还会删除正在运行的 Pod。
|
||
使用标签用一个命令删除多个资源。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Run the following commands to delete all Pods, Deployments, and Services.
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 运行以下命令以删除所有 Pod，Deployments 和 Services。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl delete deployment -l app=redis
|
||
kubectl delete service -l app=redis
|
||
kubectl delete deployment frontend
|
||
kubectl delete service frontend
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The responses should be:
|
||
-->
|
||
响应应该是：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
deployment.apps "redis-follower" deleted
|
||
deployment.apps "redis-leader" deleted
|
||
deployment.apps "frontend" deleted
|
||
service "frontend" deleted
|
||
```
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Query the list of Pods to verify that no Pods are running:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 查询 Pod 列表，确认没有 Pod 在运行：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The response should be this:
|
||
-->
|
||
响应应该是：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
No resources found in default namespace.
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
* Complete the [Kubernetes Basics](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/) Interactive Tutorials
|
||
* Use Kubernetes to create a blog using [Persistent Volumes for MySQL and Wordpress](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume/#visit-your-new-wordpress-blog)
|
||
* Read more about [connecting applications](/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/)
|
||
* Read more about [Managing Resources](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively)
|
||
-->
|
||
* 完成 [Kubernetes 基础](/zh/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/) 交互式教程
|
||
* 使用 Kubernetes 创建一个博客，使用
|
||
[MySQL 和 Wordpress 的持久卷](/zh/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume/#visit-your-new-wordpress-blog)
|
||
* 进一步阅读[连接应用程序](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/)
|
||
* 进一步阅读[管理资源](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively)
|