519 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
519 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "示例：使用 MongoDB 部署 PHP 留言板应用程序"
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 20
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card:
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name: tutorials
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weight: 30
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title: "无状态应用示例：基于 MongoDB 的 PHP Guestbook"
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.14
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---
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<!--
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title: "Example: Deploying PHP Guestbook application with MongoDB"
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reviewers:
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- ahmetb
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 20
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card:
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name: tutorials
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weight: 30
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title: "Stateless Example: PHP Guestbook with MongoDB"
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.14
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This tutorial shows you how to build and deploy a simple _(not production ready)_, multi-tier web application using Kubernetes and [Docker](https://www.docker.com/). This example consists of the following components:
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-->
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本教程向您展示如何使用 Kubernetes 和 [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) 构建和部署
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一个简单的_(非面向生产)的_多层 web 应用程序。本例由以下组件组成：
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<!--
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* A single-instance [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/) to store guestbook entries
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* Multiple web frontend instances
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-->
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* 单实例 [MongoDB](https://www.mongodb.com/) 以保存留言板条目
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* 多个 web 前端实例
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}}
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<!--
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* Start up a Mongo database.
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* Start up the guestbook frontend.
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* Expose and view the Frontend Service.
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* Clean up.
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-->
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* 启动 Mongo 数据库。
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* 启动留言板前端。
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* 公开并查看前端服务。
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* 清理。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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{{< version-check >}}
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<!-- lessoncontent -->
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<!--
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## Start up the Mongo Database
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-->
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## 启动 Mongo 数据库
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<!--
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The guestbook application uses MongoDB to store its data.
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-->
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留言板应用程序使用 MongoDB 存储数据。
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<!--
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### Creating the Mongo Deployment
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-->
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### 创建 Mongo 的 Deployment
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<!--
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The manifest file, included below, specifies a Deployment controller that runs a single replica MongoDB Pod.
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-->
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下面包含的清单文件指定了一个 Deployment 控制器，该控制器运行一个 MongoDB Pod 副本。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/mongo-deployment.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Launch a terminal window in the directory you downloaded the manifest files.
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1. Apply the MongoDB Deployment from the `mongo-deployment.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 在下载清单文件的目录中启动终端窗口。
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2. 从 `mongo-deployment.yaml` 文件中应用 MongoDB Deployment：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/mongo-deployment.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/mongo-deployment.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify that the MongoDB Pod is running:
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-->
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3. 查询 Pod 列表以验证 MongoDB Pod 是否正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```shell
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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mongo-5cfd459dd4-lrcjb 1/1 Running 0 28s
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```
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to view the logs from the MongoDB Deployment:
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-->
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4. 运行以下命令查看 MongoDB Deployment 中的日志：
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```shell
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kubectl logs -f deployment/mongo
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```
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<!--
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### Creating the MongoDB Service
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-->
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### 创建 MongoDB 服务
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<!--
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The guestbook application needs to communicate to the MongoDB to write its data. You need to apply a [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) to proxy the traffic to the MongoDB Pod. A Service defines a policy to access the Pods.
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-->
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留言板应用程序需要往 MongoDB 中写数据。因此，需要创建 [Service](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) 来代理 MongoDB Pod 的流量。Service 定义了访问 Pod 的策略。
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/mongo-service.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the MongoDB Service from the following `mongo-service.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 使用下面的 `mongo-service.yaml` 文件创建 MongoDB 的服务：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/mongo-service.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/mongo-service.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Services to verify that the MongoDB Service is running:
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-->
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2. 查询服务列表验证 MongoDB 服务是否正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get service
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```shell
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1m
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mongo ClusterIP 10.0.0.151 <none> 27017/TCP 8s
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```
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<!--
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This manifest file creates a Service named `mongo` with a set of labels that match the labels previously defined, so the Service routes network traffic to the MongoDB Pod.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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这个清单文件创建了一个名为 `mongo` 的 Service，其中包含一组与前面定义的标签匹配的标签，因此服务将网络流量路由到 MongoDB Pod 上。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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## Set up and Expose the Guestbook Frontend
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-->
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## 设置并公开留言板前端
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<!--
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The guestbook application has a web frontend serving the HTTP requests written in PHP. It is configured to connect to the `mongo` Service to store Guestbook entries.
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-->
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留言板应用程序有一个 web 前端，服务于用 PHP 编写的 HTTP 请求。
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它被配置为连接到 `mongo` 服务以存储留言版条目。
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<!--
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### Creating the Guestbook Frontend Deployment
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-->
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### 创建留言板前端 Deployment
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the frontend Deployment from the `frontend-deployment.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 从 `frontend-deployment.yaml` 应用前端 Deployment 文件：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-deployment.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify that the three frontend replicas are running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Pod 列表，验证三个前端副本是否正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=guestbook -l app.kubernetes.io/component=frontend
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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frontend-3823415956-dsvc5 1/1 Running 0 54s
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frontend-3823415956-k22zn 1/1 Running 0 54s
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frontend-3823415956-w9gbt 1/1 Running 0 54s
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```
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<!--
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### Creating the Frontend Service
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-->
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### 创建前端服务
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<!--
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The `mongo` Services you applied is only accessible within the Kubernetes cluster because the default type for a Service is [ClusterIP](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#publishing-services-service-types). `ClusterIP` provides a single IP address for the set of Pods the Service is pointing to. This IP address is accessible only within the cluster.
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-->
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应用的 `mongo` 服务只能在 Kubernetes 集群中访问，因为服务的默认类型是
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[ClusterIP](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#publishing-services-service-types)。
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`ClusterIP` 为服务指向的 Pod 集提供一个 IP 地址。这个 IP 地址只能在集群中访问。
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<!--
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If you want guests to be able to access your guestbook, you must configure the frontend Service to be externally visible, so a client can request the Service from outside the Kubernetes cluster. However a Kubernetes user you can use `kubectl port-forward` to access the service even though it uses a `ClusterIP`.
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-->
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如果您希望访客能够访问您的留言板，您必须将前端服务配置为外部可见的，以便客户端可以从 Kubernetes 集群之外请求服务。然而即便使用了 `ClusterIP` Kubernetes 用户仍可以通过 `kubectl port-forward` 访问服务。
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<!--
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Some cloud providers, like Google Compute Engine or Google Kubernetes Engine, support external load balancers. If your cloud provider supports load balancers and you want to use it, uncomment `type: LoadBalancer`.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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一些云提供商，如 Google Compute Engine 或 Google Kubernetes Engine，支持外部负载均衡器。如果您的云提供商支持负载均衡器，并且您希望使用它，
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只需取消注释 `type: LoadBalancer` 即可。
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{{< /note >}}
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{{< codenew file="application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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1. Apply the frontend Service from the `frontend-service.yaml` file:
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-->
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1. 从 `frontend-service.yaml` 文件中应用前端服务：
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<!---
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for local testing of the content via relative file path
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kubectl apply -f ./content/en/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml
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-->
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/guestbook/frontend-service.yaml
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Services to verify that the frontend Service is running:
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-->
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2. 查询服务列表以验证前端服务正在运行:
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```shell
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kubectl get services
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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frontend ClusterIP 10.0.0.112 <none> 80/TCP 6s
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kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 4m
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mongo ClusterIP 10.0.0.151 <none> 6379/TCP 2m
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```
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<!--
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### Viewing the Frontend Service via `kubectl port-forward`
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-->
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### 通过 `kubectl port-forward` 查看前端服务
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to forward port `8080` on your local machine to port `80` on the service.
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令将本机的 `8080` 端口转发到服务的 `80` 端口。
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```shell
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kubectl port-forward svc/frontend 8080:80
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:8080 -> 80
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Forwarding from [::1]:8080 -> 80
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```
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<!--
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1. load the page [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080) in your browser to view your guestbook.
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-->
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2. 在浏览器中加载 [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080) 页面以查看留言板。
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<!--
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### Viewing the Frontend Service via `LoadBalancer`
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-->
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### 通过 `LoadBalancer` 查看前端服务
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<!--
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If you deployed the `frontend-service.yaml` manifest with type: `LoadBalancer` you need to find the IP address to view your Guestbook.
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-->
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如果您部署了 `frontend-service.yaml`。你需要找到 IP 地址来查看你的留言板。
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to get the IP address for the frontend Service.
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令以获取前端服务的 IP 地址。
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```shell
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kubectl get service frontend
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```
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<!--
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The response should be similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该与此类似：
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```
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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frontend LoadBalancer 10.51.242.136 109.197.92.229 80:32372/TCP 1m
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```
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<!--
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1. Copy the external IP address, and load the page in your browser to view your guestbook.
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-->
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2. 复制外部 IP 地址，然后在浏览器中加载页面以查看留言板。
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<!--
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## Scale the Web Frontend
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-->
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## 扩展 Web 前端
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<!--
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Scaling up or down is easy because your servers are defined as a Service that uses a Deployment controller.
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-->
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伸缩很容易是因为服务器本身被定义为使用一个 Deployment 控制器的 Service。
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to scale up the number of frontend Pods:
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令扩展前端 Pod 的数量：
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```shell
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kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=5
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify the number of frontend Pods running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Pod 列表验证正在运行的前端 Pod 的数量：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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<!--
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The response should look similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该类似于这样：
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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frontend-3823415956-70qj5 1/1 Running 0 5s
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frontend-3823415956-dsvc5 1/1 Running 0 54m
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frontend-3823415956-k22zn 1/1 Running 0 54m
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frontend-3823415956-w9gbt 1/1 Running 0 54m
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frontend-3823415956-x2pld 1/1 Running 0 5s
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mongo-1068406935-3lswp 1/1 Running 0 56m
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```
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<!--
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1. Run the following command to scale down the number of frontend Pods:
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-->
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3. 运行以下命令缩小前端 Pod 的数量：
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```shell
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kubectl scale deployment frontend --replicas=2
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```
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify the number of frontend Pods running:
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-->
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4. 查询 Pod 列表验证正在运行的前端 Pod 的数量：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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<!--
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The response should look similar to this:
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-->
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响应应该类似于这样：
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```
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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frontend-3823415956-k22zn 1/1 Running 0 1h
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frontend-3823415956-w9gbt 1/1 Running 0 1h
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mongo-1068406935-3lswp 1/1 Running 0 1h
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```
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## {{% heading "cleanup" %}}
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<!--
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Deleting the Deployments and Services also deletes any running Pods. Use labels to delete multiple resources with one command.
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-->
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删除 Deployments 和服务还会删除正在运行的 Pod。使用标签用一个命令删除多个资源。
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<!--
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1. Run the following commands to delete all Pods, Deployments, and Services.
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-->
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1. 运行以下命令以删除所有 Pod，Deployments 和 Services。
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```shell
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kubectl delete deployment -l app.kubernetes.io/name=mongo
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kubectl delete service -l app.kubernetes.io/name=mongo
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kubectl delete deployment -l app.kubernetes.io/name=guestbook
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kubectl delete service -l app.kubernetes.io/name=guestbook
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```
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<!--
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The responses should be:
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-->
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响应应该是：
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```
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deployment.apps "mongo" deleted
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service "mongo" deleted
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deployment.apps "frontend" deleted
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service "frontend" deleted
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```
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|
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<!--
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1. Query the list of Pods to verify that no Pods are running:
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-->
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2. 查询 Pod 列表，确认没有 Pod 在运行：
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|
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```shell
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kubectl get pods
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```
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|
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<!--
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The response should be this:
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-->
|
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响应应该是：
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|
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```
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No resources found.
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```
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|
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|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
* Complete the [Kubernetes Basics](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/) Interactive Tutorials
|
||
* Use Kubernetes to create a blog using [Persistent Volumes for MySQL and Wordpress](/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume/#visit-your-new-wordpress-blog)
|
||
* Read more about [connecting applications](/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/)
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* Read more about [Managing Resources](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively)
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-->
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* 完成 [Kubernetes Basics](/zh/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/) 交互式教程
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* 使用 Kubernetes 创建一个博客，使用 [MySQL 和 Wordpress 的持久卷](/zh/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume/#visit-your-new-wordpress-blog)
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* 阅读更多关于[连接应用程序](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/)
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* 阅读更多关于[管理资源](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/manage-deployment/#using-labels-effectively)
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