271 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
271 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 公开外部 IP 地址以访问集群中应用程序
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 10
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---
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<!--
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title: Exposing an External IP Address to Access an Application in a Cluster
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content_type: tutorial
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weight: 10
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This page shows how to create a Kubernetes Service object that exposes an
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external IP address.
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-->
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此页面显示如何创建公开外部 IP 地址的 Kubernetes 服务对象。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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* Install [kubectl](/docs/tasks/tools/).
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* Use a cloud provider like Google Kubernetes Engine or Amazon Web Services to
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create a Kubernetes cluster. This tutorial creates an
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[external load balancer](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/create-external-load-balancer/),
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which requires a cloud provider.
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* Configure `kubectl` to communicate with your Kubernetes API server. For instructions, see the
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documentation for your cloud provider.
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-->
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* 安装 [kubectl](/zh/docs/tasks/tools/).
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* 使用 Google Kubernetes Engine 或 Amazon Web Services 等云供应商创建 Kubernetes 集群。
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本教程创建了一个[外部负载均衡器](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/create-external-load-balancer/)，
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需要云供应商。
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* 配置 `kubectl` 与 Kubernetes API 服务器通信。有关说明，请参阅云供应商文档。
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}}
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<!--
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* Run five instances of a Hello World application.
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* Create a Service object that exposes an external IP address.
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* Use the Service object to access the running application.
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-->
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* 运行 Hello World 应用程序的五个实例。
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* 创建一个公开外部 IP 地址的 Service 对象。
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* 使用 Service 对象访问正在运行的应用程序。
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<!-- lessoncontent -->
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<!--
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## Creating a service for an application running in five pods
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-->
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## 为一个在五个 pod 中运行的应用程序创建服务
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<!--
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1. Run a Hello World application in your cluster:
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-->
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1. 在集群中运行 Hello World 应用程序：
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{{< codenew file="service/load-balancer-example.yaml" >}}
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/service/load-balancer-example.yaml
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```
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<!--
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The preceding command creates a
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Deployment" term_id="deployment" >}}
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and an associated
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{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="replica-set" text="ReplicaSet" >}}.
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The ReplicaSet has five
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="pod" >}}
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each of which runs the Hello World application.
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-->
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前面的命令创建一个
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{{< glossary_tooltip text="Deployment" term_id="deployment" >}}
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对象和一个关联的
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{{< glossary_tooltip term_id="replica-set" text="ReplicaSet" >}} 对象。
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ReplicaSet 有五个 {{< glossary_tooltip text="Pods" term_id="pod" >}}，
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每个都运行 Hello World 应用程序。
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<!--
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1. Display information about the Deployment:
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-->
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2. 显示有关 Deployment 的信息：
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments hello-world
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kubectl describe deployments hello-world
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```
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<!--
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1. Display information about your ReplicaSet objects:
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-->
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3. 显示有关 ReplicaSet 对象的信息：
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```shell
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kubectl get replicasets
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kubectl describe replicasets
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```
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<!--
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1. Create a Service object that exposes the deployment:
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-->
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4. 创建公开 Deployment 的 Service 对象：
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```shell
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kubectl expose deployment hello-world --type=LoadBalancer --name=my-service
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```
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<!--
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1. Display information about the Service:
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-->
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5. 显示有关 Service 的信息：
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```shell
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kubectl get services my-service
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```console
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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my-service LoadBalancer 10.3.245.137 104.198.205.71 8080/TCP 54s
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```
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<!--
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{{< note >}}
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The `type=LoadBalancer` service is backed by external cloud providers, which is not covered in this example, please refer to [this page](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#loadbalancer) for the details.
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{{< /note >}}
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-->
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提示：`type=LoadBalancer` 服务由外部云服务提供商提供支持，本例中不包含此部分，
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详细信息请参考[此页](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#loadbalancer)
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<!--
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{{< note >}}
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If the external IP address is shown as \<pending\>, wait for a minute and enter the same command again.
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{{< /note >}}
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-->
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提示：如果外部 IP 地址显示为 \<pending\>，请等待一分钟再次输入相同的命令。
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<!--
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1. Display detailed information about the Service:
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-->
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6. 显示有关 Service 的详细信息：
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```shell
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kubectl describe services my-service
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```console
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Name: my-service
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Namespace: default
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Labels: app.kubernetes.io/name=load-balancer-example
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Annotations: <none>
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Selector: app.kubernetes.io/name=load-balancer-example
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Type: LoadBalancer
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IP: 10.3.245.137
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LoadBalancer Ingress: 104.198.205.71
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Port: <unset> 8080/TCP
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NodePort: <unset> 32377/TCP
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Endpoints: 10.0.0.6:8080,10.0.1.6:8080,10.0.1.7:8080 + 2 more...
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Session Affinity: None
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Events: <none>
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```
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<!--
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Make a note of the external IP address (`LoadBalancer Ingress`) exposed by
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your service. In this example, the external IP address is 104.198.205.71.
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Also note the value of `Port` and `NodePort`. In this example, the `Port`
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is 8080 and the `NodePort` is 32377.
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-->
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记下服务公开的外部 IP 地址（`LoadBalancer Ingress`)。
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在本例中，外部 IP 地址是 104.198.205.71。还要注意 `Port` 和 `NodePort` 的值。
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在本例中，`Port` 是 8080，`NodePort` 是32377。
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<!--
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1. In the preceding output, you can see that the service has several endpoints:
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10.0.0.6:8080,10.0.1.6:8080,10.0.1.7:8080 + 2 more. These are internal
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addresses of the pods that are running the Hello World application. To
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verify these are pod addresses, enter this command:
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-->
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7. 在前面的输出中，您可以看到服务有几个端点：
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10.0.0.6:8080、10.0.1.6:8080、10.0.1.7:8080 和另外两个，
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这些都是正在运行 Hello World 应用程序的 pod 的内部地址。
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要验证这些是 pod 地址，请输入以下命令：
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```shell
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kubectl get pods --output=wide
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```
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<!--
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The output is similar to this:
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-->
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输出类似于：
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```console
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NAME ... IP NODE
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hello-world-2895499144-1jaz9 ... 10.0.1.6 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
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hello-world-2895499144-2e5uh ... 10.0.1.8 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
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hello-world-2895499144-9m4h1 ... 10.0.0.6 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-5v7a
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hello-world-2895499144-o4z13 ... 10.0.1.7 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-1afc
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hello-world-2895499144-segjf ... 10.0.2.5 gke-cluster-1-default-pool-e0b8d269-cpuc
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```
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<!--
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1. Use the external IP address (`LoadBalancer Ingress`) to access the Hello
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World application:
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-->
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8. 使用外部 IP 地址（`LoadBalancer Ingress`）访问 Hello World 应用程序:
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```shell
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curl http://<external-ip>:<port>
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```
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<!--
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where `<external-ip>` is the external IP address (`LoadBalancer Ingress`)
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of your Service, and `<port>` is the value of `Port` in your Service
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description.
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If you are using minikube, typing `minikube service my-service` will
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automatically open the Hello World application in a browser.
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-->
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其中 `<external-ip>` 是您的服务的外部 IP 地址（`LoadBalancer Ingress`），
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`<port>` 是您的服务描述中的 `port` 的值。
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如果您正在使用 minikube，输入 `minikube service my-service` 将在浏览器中自动打开 Hello World 应用程序。
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<!--
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The response to a successful request is a hello message:
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-->
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成功请求的响应是一条问候消息：
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```shell
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Hello Kubernetes!
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```
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## {{% heading "cleanup" %}}
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<!--
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To delete the Service, enter this command:
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-->
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要删除服务，请输入以下命令：
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```shell
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kubectl delete services my-service
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```
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<!--
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To delete the Deployment, the ReplicaSet, and the Pods that are running
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the Hello World application, enter this command:
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-->
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要删除正在运行 Hello World 应用程序的 Deployment，ReplicaSet 和 Pod，请输入以下命令：
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```shell
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kubectl delete deployment hello-world
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```
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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<!--
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Learn more about
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[connecting applications with services](/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/).
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-->
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进一步了解[将应用程序与服务连接](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/connect-applications-service/)。
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