575 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
575 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 在 Linux 系统中安装并设置 kubectl
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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---
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<!--
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reviewers:
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- mikedanese
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title: Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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-->
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of
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your cluster. For example, a v{{< skew currentVersion >}} client can communicate
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with v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor -1 >}}, v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor 0 >}},
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and v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor 1 >}} control planes.
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Using the latest compatible version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
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-->
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kubectl 版本和集群版本之间的差异必须在一个小版本号内。
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例如：v{{< skew currentVersion >}} 版本的客户端能与 v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor -1 >}}、
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v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor 0 >}} 和 v{{< skew currentVersionAddMinor 1 >}} 版本的控制面通信。
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用最新兼容版的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on Linux
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-->
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## 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-linux}
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<!--
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The following methods exist for installing kubectl on Linux:
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-->
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在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl 有如下几种方法：
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<!--
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- [Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux)
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- [Install using native package management](#install-using-native-package-management)
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- [Install using other package management](#install-using-other-package-management)
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-->
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- [用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux)
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- [用原生包管理工具安装](#install-using-native-package-management)
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- [用其他包管理工具安装](#install-using-other-package-management)
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<!--
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux
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-->
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### 用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux}
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<!--
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1. Download the latest release with the command:
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-->
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1. 用以下命令下载最新发行版：
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{{< tabs name="download_binary_linux" >}}
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{{< tab name="x86-64" codelang="bash" >}}
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="ARM64" codelang="bash" >}}
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl"
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`
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portion of the command with the specific version.
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For example, to download version {{< skew currentPatchVersion >}} on Linux x86-64, type:
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-->
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如需下载某个指定的版本，请用指定版本号替换该命令的这一部分：
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`$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。
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例如，要在 Linux x86-64 中下载 {{< skew currentPatchVersion >}} 版本，请输入：
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```bash
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curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/v{{< skew currentPatchVersion >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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And for Linux ARM64, type:
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-->
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对于 Linux ARM64 来说，请输入：
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```bash
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curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/v{{< skew currentPatchVersion >}}/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl
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```
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Validate the binary (optional)
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Download the kubectl checksum file:
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-->
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2. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）
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下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
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{{< tabs name="download_checksum_linux" >}}
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{{< tab name="x86-64" codelang="bash" >}}
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="ARM64" codelang="bash" >}}
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl.sha256"
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
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-->
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基于校验和文件，验证 kubectl 的可执行文件：
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```bash
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echo "$(cat kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check
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```
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<!--
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If valid, the output is:
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-->
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验证通过时，输出为：
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```console
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kubectl: OK
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```
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<!--
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If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
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-->
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验证失败时，`sha256` 将以非零值退出，并打印如下输出：
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```console
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kubectl: FAILED
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sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
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-->
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下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本必须相同。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Install kubectl
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-->
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3. 安装 kubectl
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```bash
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sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install
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kubectl to the `~/.local/bin` directory:
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-->
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即使你没有目标系统的 root 权限，仍然可以将 kubectl 安装到目录 `~/.local/bin` 中：
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```bash
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chmod +x kubectl
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mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
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mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
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# 之后将 ~/.local/bin 附加（或前置）到 $PATH
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```
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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Or use this for detailed view of version:
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-->
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4. 执行测试，以保障你安装的版本是最新的：
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```bash
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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Or use this for detailed view of version:
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-->
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或者使用如下命令来查看版本的详细信息：
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```cmd
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kubectl version --client --output=yaml
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```
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<!--
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### Install using native package management
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-->
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### 用原生包管理工具安装 {#install-using-native-package-management}
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
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{{% tab name="基于 Debian 的发行版" %}}
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<!--
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1. Update the `apt` package index and install packages needed to use the Kubernetes `apt` repository:
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-->
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1. 更新 `apt` 包索引，并安装使用 Kubernetes `apt` 仓库所需要的包：
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<!--
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```shell
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sudo apt-get update
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# apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package
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sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
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```
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-->
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```shell
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sudo apt-get update
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# apt-transport-https 可以是一个虚拟包；如果是这样，你可以跳过这个包
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sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl
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```
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<!--
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2. Download the public signing key for the Kubernetes package repositories. The same signing key is used for all repositories so you can disregard the version in the URL:
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-->
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2. 下载 Kubernetes 软件包仓库的公共签名密钥。
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同一个签名密钥适用于所有仓库，因此你可以忽略 URL 中的版本信息：
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<!--
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# If the folder `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist, it should be created before the curl command, read the note below.
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# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
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-->
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```shell
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# 如果 `/etc/apt/keyrings` 目录不存在，则应在 curl 命令之前创建它，请阅读下面的注释。
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# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
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curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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In releases older than Debian 12 and Ubuntu 22.04, folder `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist by default, and it should be created before the curl command.
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-->
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在低于 Debian 12 和 Ubuntu 22.04 的发行版本中，`/etc/apt/keyrings` 默认不存在。
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应在 curl 命令之前创建它。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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3. Add the appropriate Kubernetes `apt` repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version different than {{< param "version" >}},
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replace {{< param "version" >}} with the desired minor version in the command below:
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-->
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3. 添加合适的 Kubernetes `apt` 仓库。如果你想用 {{< param "version" >}} 之外的 Kubernetes 版本，
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请将下面命令中的 {{< param "version" >}} 替换为所需的次要版本：
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<!--
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```shell
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# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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```
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-->
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```shell
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# 这会覆盖 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list 中的所有现存配置
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echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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To upgrade kubectl to another minor release, you'll need to bump the version in
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`/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list` before running `apt-get update` and
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`apt-get upgrade`. This procedure is described in more detail in
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[Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/).
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-->
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要升级 kubectl 到别的次要版本，你需要先升级 `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list` 中的版本，
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再运行 `apt-get update` 和 `apt-get upgrade`。
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更详细的步骤可以在[更改 Kubernetes 软件包仓库](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/)中找到。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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4. Update `apt` package index, then install kubectl:
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-->
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4. 更新 `apt` 包索引，然后安装 kubectl：
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```shell
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="基于 Red Hat 的发行版" %}}
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<!--
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1. Add the Kubernetes `yum` repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version
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different than {{< param "version" >}}, replace {{< param "version" >}} with
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the desired minor version in the command below.
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-->
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1. 添加 Kubernetes 的 `yum` 仓库。如果你想使用 {{< param "version" >}} 之外的 Kubernetes 版本，
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将下面命令中的 {{< param "version" >}} 替换为所需的次要版本。
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<!--
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```bash
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# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
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EOF
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```
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-->
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```bash
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# 这会覆盖 /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo 中现存的所有配置
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
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EOF
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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To upgrade kubectl to another minor release, you'll need to bump the version in `/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo` before running `yum update`. This procedure is described in more detail in [Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/).
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-->
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要将 kubectl 升级到别的次要版本，你需要先升级 `/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo`
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中的版本，再运行 `yum update` 命令。
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更详细的步骤可以在[更改 Kubernetes 软件包存储库](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/)中找到。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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2. Install kubectl using `yum`:
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-->
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2. 使用 `yum` 安装 kubectl：
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```bash
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sudo yum install -y kubectl
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="基于 SUSE 的发行版" %}}
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<!--
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1. Add the Kubernetes `zypper` repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version
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different than {{< param "version" >}}, replace {{< param "version" >}} with
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the desired minor version in the command below.
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-->
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1. 添加 Kubernetes `zypper` 软件源。如果你想使用不同于 {{< param "version" >}}
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的 Kubernetes 版本，请在下面的命令中将 {{< param "version" >}} 替换为所需的次要版本。
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<!--
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```bash
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# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
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EOF
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```
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-->
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```bash
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# 这将覆盖 /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo 中的任何现有配置。
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/{{< param "version" >}}/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
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EOF
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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To upgrade kubectl to another minor release, you'll need to bump the version in `/etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo` before running `zypper update`. This procedure is described in more detail in
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[Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/).
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-->
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要升级 kubectl 到另一个小版本，你需要先更新 `/etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo` 的版本，
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再运行 `zypper update`。
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此过程在[更改 Kubernetes 软件包仓库](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/change-package-repository/)中有更详细的描述。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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2. Install kubectl using `zypper`:
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-->
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2. 使用 `zypper` 安装 kubectl：
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```bash
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sudo zypper install -y kubectl
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
|
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|
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<!--
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### Install using other package management
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-->
|
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### 用其他包管理工具安装 {#install-using-other-package-management}
|
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|
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{{< tabs name="other_kubectl_install" >}}
|
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{{% tab name="Snap" %}}
|
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<!--
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If you are on Ubuntu or another Linux distribution that supports the
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[snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) package manager, kubectl
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is available as a [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) application.
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-->
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如果你使用的 Ubuntu 或其他 Linux 发行版，内建支持
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[snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) 包管理工具，
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则可用 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) 命令安装 kubectl。
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```shell
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snap install kubectl --classic
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="Homebrew" %}}
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<!--
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If you are on Linux and using [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux)
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package manager, kubectl is available for [installation](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install).
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-->
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如果你使用 Linux 系统，并且装了 [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux)
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包管理工具，
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则可以使用这种方式[安装](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install) kubectl。
|
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|
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```shell
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brew install kubectl
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Verify kubectl configuration
|
||
-->
|
||
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configuration}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Optional kubectl configurations and plugins
|
||
|
||
### Enable shell autocompletion
|
||
-->
|
||
## kubectl 的可选配置和插件 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
|
||
|
||
### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash, Zsh, Fish, and PowerShell,
|
||
which can save you a lot of typing.
|
||
|
||
Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash, Fish, and Zsh.
|
||
-->
|
||
kubectl 为 Bash、Zsh、Fish 和 PowerShell 提供自动补全功能，可以为你节省大量的输入。
|
||
|
||
下面是为 Bash、Fish 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-linux.md" />}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Fish" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-fish.md" />}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install `kubectl convert` plugin
|
||
-->
|
||
### 安装 `kubectl convert` 插件 {#install-kubectl-convert-plugin}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/kubectl-convert-overview.md" >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Download the latest release with the command:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 用以下命令下载最新发行版：
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="download_convert_binary_linux" >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="x86-64" codelang="bash" >}}
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl-convert"
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="ARM64" codelang="bash" >}}
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert"
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Validate the binary (optional)
|
||
|
||
Download the kubectl-convert checksum file:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）
|
||
|
||
下载 kubectl-convert 校验和文件：
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="download_convert_checksum_linux" >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="x86-64" codelang="bash" >}}
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl-convert.sha256"
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="ARM64" codelang="bash" >}}
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:
|
||
-->
|
||
基于校验和，验证 kubectl-convert 的可执行文件：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo "$(cat kubectl-convert.sha256) kubectl-convert" | sha256sum --check
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If valid, the output is:
|
||
-->
|
||
验证通过时，输出为：
|
||
|
||
```console
|
||
kubectl-convert: OK
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
验证失败时，`sha256` 将以非零值退出，并打印输出类似于：
|
||
|
||
```console
|
||
kubectl-convert: FAILED
|
||
sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
|
||
-->
|
||
下载相同版本的可执行文件和校验和。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Install kubectl-convert
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 安装 kubectl-convert
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl-convert /usr/local/bin/kubectl-convert
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Verify plugin is successfully installed
|
||
-->
|
||
4. 验证插件是否安装成功
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl convert --help
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you do not see an error, it means the plugin is successfully installed.
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你没有看到任何错误就代表插件安装成功了。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. After installing the plugin, clean up the installation files:
|
||
-->
|
||
5. 安装插件后，清理安装文件：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
rm kubectl-convert kubectl-convert.sha256
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}
|