263 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
263 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
title: 在 Linux 系统中安装并设置 kubectl
|
||
content_type: task
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
card:
|
||
name: tasks
|
||
weight: 20
|
||
title: 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl
|
||
---
|
||
<!--
|
||
---
|
||
reviewers:
|
||
- mikedanese
|
||
title: Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux
|
||
content_type: task
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
card:
|
||
name: tasks
|
||
weight: 20
|
||
title: Install kubectl on Linux
|
||
---
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
|
||
For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
|
||
Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
|
||
-->
|
||
kubectl 版本和集群版本之间的差异必须在一个小版本号内。
|
||
例如：v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
|
||
用最新版的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Install kubectl on Linux
|
||
-->
|
||
## 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-linux}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The following methods exist for installing kubectl on Linux:
|
||
-->
|
||
在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl 有如下几种方法：
|
||
|
||
- [{{% heading "prerequisites" %}}](#{{% heading "prerequisites" %}})
|
||
- [在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-on-linux)
|
||
- [用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux)
|
||
- [用原生包管理工具安装](#install-using-native-package-management)
|
||
- [用其他包管理工具安装](#install-using-other-package-management)
|
||
- [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 中安装](#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
|
||
- [验证 kubectl 配置](#verify-kubectl-configration)
|
||
- [可选的 kubectl 配置](#optional-kubectl-configurations)
|
||
- [启用 shell 自动补全功能](#enable-shell-autocompletion)
|
||
- [{{% heading "whatsnext" %}}](#{{% heading "whatsnext" %}})
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux
|
||
-->
|
||
### 用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Download the latest release with the command:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 用以下命令下载最新发行版：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
|
||
|
||
For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
|
||
-->
|
||
如需下载某个指定的版本，请用指定版本号替换该命令的这一部分： `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。
|
||
|
||
例如，要在 Linux 中下载 {{< param "fullversion" >}} 版本，请输入：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
|
||
```
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Validate the binary (optional)
|
||
|
||
Download the kubectl checksum file:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）
|
||
|
||
下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
|
||
-->
|
||
基于校验和文件，验证 kubectl 的可执行文件：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If valid, the output is:
|
||
-->
|
||
验证通过时，输出为：
|
||
|
||
```console
|
||
kubectl: OK
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
验证失败时，`sha256` 将以非零值退出，并打印如下输出：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
kubectl: FAILED
|
||
sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
|
||
-->
|
||
下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本必须相同。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Install kubectl
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 安装 kubectl
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the `~/.local/bin` directory:
|
||
-->
|
||
即使你没有目标系统的 root 权限，仍然可以将 kubectl 安装到目录 `~/.local/bin` 中：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin/kubectl
|
||
mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
|
||
# and then add ~/.local/bin/kubectl to $PATH
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 执行测试，以保障你安装的版本是最新的：
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
kubectl version --client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install using native package management
|
||
-->
|
||
### 用原生包管理工具安装 {#install-using-native-package-management}
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Ubuntu、Debian 或 HypriotOS" codelang="bash" >}}
|
||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2 curl
|
||
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
|
||
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
|
||
sudo apt-get update
|
||
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
|
||
{{< tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
|
||
[kubernetes]
|
||
name=Kubernetes
|
||
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
|
||
enabled=1
|
||
gpgcheck=1
|
||
repo_gpgcheck=1
|
||
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
|
||
EOF
|
||
yum install -y kubectl
|
||
{{< /tab >}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install using other package management
|
||
-->
|
||
### 用其他包管理工具安装 {#install-using-other-package-management}
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="other_kubectl_install" >}}
|
||
{{% tab name="Snap" %}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you are on Ubuntu or another Linux distribution that support [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) package manager, kubectl is available as a [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) application.
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你使用的 Ubuntu 或其他 Linux 发行版，内建支持 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) 包管理工具，
|
||
则可用 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) 命令安装 kubectl。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
snap install kubectl --classic
|
||
kubectl version --client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
|
||
{{% tab name="Homebrew" %}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you are on Linux and using [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) package manager, kubectl is available for [installation](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install).
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你使用 Linux 系统，并且装了 [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) 包管理工具，
|
||
则可以使用这种方式[安装](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install) kubectl。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
brew install kubectl
|
||
kubectl version --client
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
### Install on Linux as part of the Google Cloud SDK
|
||
-->
|
||
### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 上安装 {#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Verify kubectl configuration
|
||
-->
|
||
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configration}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
|
||
|
||
## kubectl 的可选配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
|
||
|
||
### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
|
||
|
||
Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash and Zsh.
|
||
-->
|
||
kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能，可以减轻许多输入的负担。
|
||
|
||
下面是为 Bash 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-linux.md" />}}
|
||
{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}
|