176 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
176 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Kubernetes 组件
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content_type: concept
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description: >
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组成 Kubernetes 集群的关键组件概述。
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weight: 10
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card:
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title: 集群组件
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name: concepts
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weight: 20
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---
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<!--
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reviewers:
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- lavalamp
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title: Kubernetes Components
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content_type: concept
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description: >
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An overview of the key components that make up a Kubernetes cluster.
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weight: 10
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card:
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title: Components of a cluster
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name: concepts
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weight: 20
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-->
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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本页面概述了组成 Kubernetes 集群的基本组件。
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{{ < figure src="/images/docs/components-of-kubernetes.svg" alt="Components of Kubernetes" caption="The components of a Kubernetes cluster" class="diagram-large" clicktozoom="true" >}}
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-->
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本文档概述了一个正常运行的 Kubernetes 集群所需的各种组件。
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{{< figure src="/images/docs/components-of-kubernetes.svg" alt="Kubernetes 的组件" caption="Kubernetes 集群的组件" class="diagram-large" clicktozoom="true" >}}
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<!-- body -->
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<!--
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## Core Components
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A Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane and one or more worker nodes.
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Here's a brief overview of the main components:
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-->
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## 核心组件
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Kubernetes 集群由控制平面和一个或多个工作节点组成。以下是主要组件的简要概述：
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<!--
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### Control Plane Components
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Manage the overall state of the cluster:
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[kube-apiserver](/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-apiserver)
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: The core component server that exposes the Kubernetes HTTP API
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[etcd](/docs/concepts/architecture/#etcd)
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: Consistent and highly-available key value store for all API server data
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[kube-scheduler](/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-scheduler)
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: Looks for Pods not yet bound to a node, and assigns each Pod to a suitable node.
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[kube-controller-manager](/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-controller-manager)
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: Runs {{< glossary_tooltip text="controllers" term_id="controller" >}} to implement Kubernetes API behavior.
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[cloud-controller-manager](/docs/concepts/architecture/#cloud-controller-manager) (optional)
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: Integrates with underlying cloud provider(s).
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-->
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## 控制平面组件（Control Plane Components） {#control-plane-components}
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管理集群的整体状态：
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[kube-apiserver](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-apiserver)
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: 公开 Kubernetes HTTP API 的核心组件服务器
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[etcd](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#etcd)
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: 具备一致性和高可用性的键值存储，用于所有 API 服务器的数据存储
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[kube-scheduler](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-scheduler)
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: 查找尚未绑定到节点的 Pod，并将每个 Pod 分配给合适的节点。
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[kube-controller-manager](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-controller-manager)
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: 运行{{< glossary_tooltip text="控制器" term_id="controller" >}}来实现 Kubernetes API 行为。
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[cloud-controller-manager](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#cloud-controller-manager) (optional)
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: 与底层云驱动集成
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<!--
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### Node Components
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Run on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment:
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[kubelet](/docs/concepts/architecture/#kubelet)
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: Ensures that Pods are running, including their containers.
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[kube-proxy](/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-proxy) (optional)
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: Maintains network rules on nodes to implement {{< glossary_tooltip text="Services" term_id="service" >}}.
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[Container runtime](/docs/concepts/architecture/#container-runtime)
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: Software responsible for running containers. Read
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[Container Runtimes](/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/) to learn more.
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-->
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## Node 组件 {#node-components}
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在每个节点上运行，维护运行的 Pod 并提供 Kubernetes 运行时环境：
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[kubelet](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#kubelet)
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: 确保 Pod 及其容器正常运行。
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[kube-proxy](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#kube-proxy)（可选）
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: 维护节点上的网络规则以实现 Service 的功能。
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[容器运行时（Container runtime）](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#container-runtime)
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: 负责运行容器的软件，阅读[容器运行时](/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/)以了解更多信息。
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{{% thirdparty-content single="true" %}}
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<!--
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Your cluster may require additional software on each node; for example, you might also
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run [systemd](https://systemd.io/) on a Linux node to supervise local components.
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-->
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你的集群可能需要每个节点上运行额外的软件；例如，你可能还需要在 Linux
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节点上运行 [systemd](https://systemd.io/) 来监督本地组件。
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<!--
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## Addons
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Addons extend the functionality of Kubernetes. A few important examples include:
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-->
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## 插件（Addons） {#addons}
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插件扩展了 Kubernetes 的功能。一些重要的例子包括：
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<!--
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[DNS](/docs/concepts/architecture/#dns)
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: For cluster-wide DNS resolution
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[Web UI](/docs/concepts/architecture/#web-ui-dashboard) (Dashboard)
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: For cluster management via a web interface
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[Container Resource Monitoring](/docs/concepts/architecture/#container-resource-monitoring)
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: For collecting and storing container metrics
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[Cluster-level Logging](/docs/concepts/architecture/#cluster-level-logging)
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: For saving container logs to a central log store
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-->
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[DNS](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#dns)
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: 集群范围内的 DNS 解析
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[Web 界面](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#web-ui-dashboard)（Dashboard）
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: 通过 Web 界面进行集群管理
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[容器资源监控](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#container-resource-monitoring)
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: 用于收集和存储容器指标
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[集群层面日志](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/#cluster-level-logging)
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: 用于将容器日志保存到中央日志存储
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<!--
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## Flexibility in Architecture
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Kubernetes allows for flexibility in how these components are deployed and managed.
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The architecture can be adapted to various needs, from small development environments
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to large-scale production deployments.
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For more detailed information about each component and various ways to configure your
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cluster architecture, see the [Cluster Architecture](/docs/concepts/architecture/) page.
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-->
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## 架构灵活性 {#flexibility-in-architecture}
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Kubernetes 允许灵活地部署和管理这些组件。此架构可以适应各种需求，从小型开发环境到大规模生产部署。
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有关每个组件的详细信息以及配置集群架构的各种方法，
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请参阅[集群架构](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/architecture/)页面。
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