382 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
382 lines
9.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 使用 Secret 安全地分发凭证
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content_type: task
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weight: 50
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min-kubernetes-server-version: v1.6
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This page shows how to securely inject sensitive data, such as passwords and
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encryption keys, into Pods.
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-->
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本文展示如何安全地将敏感数据（如密码和加密密钥）注入到 Pods 中。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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<!--
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### Convert your secret data to a base-64 representation
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Suppose you want to have two pieces of secret data: a username `my-app` and a password
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`39528$vdg7Jb`. First, use a base64 encoding tool to convert your username and password to a base64 representation. Here's an example using the commonly available base64 program:
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-->
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### 将 secret 数据转换为 base-64 形式
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假设用户想要有两条 Secret 数据：用户名 `my-app` 和密码 `39528$vdg7Jb`。
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首先使用 [Base64 编码](https://www.base64encode.org/) 将用户名和密码转化为 base-64 形式。
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下面是一个使用常用的 base64 程序的示例：
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```shell
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echo -n 'my-app' | base64
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echo -n '39528$vdg7Jb' | base64
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```
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<!--
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The output shows that the base-64 representation of your username is `bXktYXBw`,
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and the base-64 representation of your password is `Mzk1MjgkdmRnN0pi`.
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-->
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结果显示 base-64 形式的用户名为 `bXktYXBw`，
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base-64 形式的密码为 `Mzk1MjgkdmRnN0pi`。
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<!--
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Use a local tool trusted by your OS to decrease the security risks of external tools.
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-->
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{{< caution >}}
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使用你的操作系统所能信任的本地工具以降低使用外部工具的风险。
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{{< /caution >}}
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<!-- steps -->
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<!--
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## Create a Secret
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Here is a configuration file you can use to create a Secret that holds your
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username and password:
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-->
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## 创建 Secret
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这里是一个配置文件，可以用来创建存有用户名和密码的 Secret:
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{{< codenew file="pods/inject/secret.yaml" >}}
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1. <!--Create the Secret -->
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创建 Secret：
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/inject/secret.yaml
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```
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1. <!-- View information about the Secret -->
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查看 Secret 相关信息：
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```shell
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kubectl get secret test-secret
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```
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<!-- Output: -->
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输出：
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```shell
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NAME TYPE DATA AGE
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test-secret Opaque 2 1m
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```
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1. <!-- View more detailed information about the Secret -->
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查看 Secret 相关的更多详细信息：
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```shell
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kubectl describe secret test-secret
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```
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<!-- Output: -->
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输出：
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```shell
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Name: test-secret
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Namespace: default
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Labels: <none>
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Annotations: <none>
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Type: Opaque
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Data
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====
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password: 13 bytes
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username: 7 bytes
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```
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<!--
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### Create a Secret directly with kubectl
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If you want to skip the Base64 encoding step, you can create the
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same Secret using the `kubectl create secret` command. For example:
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-->
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### 直接用 kubectl 创建 Secret
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如果你希望略过 Base64 编码的步骤，你也可以使用 `kubectl create secret`
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命令直接创建 Secret。例如：
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```shell
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kubectl create secret generic test-secret --from-literal='username=my-app' --from-literal='password=39528$vdg7Jb'
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```
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<!--
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This is more convenient. The detailed approach shown earlier runs
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through each step explicitly to demonstrate what is happening.
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-->
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这是一种更为方便的方法。
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前面展示的详细分解步骤有助于了解究竟发生了什么事情。
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<!--
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## Create a Pod that has access to the secret data through a Volume
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Here is a configuration file you can use to create a Pod:
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-->
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## 创建一个可以通过卷访问 secret 数据的 Pod
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这里是一个可以用来创建 pod 的配置文件：
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{{< codenew file="pods/inject/secret-pod.yaml" >}}
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1. <!-- Create the Pod:-->
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创建 Pod：
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```shell
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kubectl create -f secret-pod.yaml
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```
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1. <!-- Verify that your Pod is running: -->
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确认 Pod 正在运行：
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```shell
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kubectl get pod secret-test-pod
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```
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输出：
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```shell
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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secret-test-pod 1/1 Running 0 42m
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```
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1. <!-- Get a shell into the Container that is running in your Pod:-->
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获取一个 shell 进入 Pod 中运行的容器：
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```shell
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kubectl exec -it secret-test-pod -- /bin/bash
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```
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1. <!-- The secret data is exposed to the Container through a Volume mounted under
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`/etc/secret-volume`.
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In your shell, list the files in the `/etc/secret-volume` directory:
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-->
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Secret 数据通过挂载在 `/etc/secret-volume` 目录下的卷暴露在容器中。
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在 shell 中，列举 `/etc/secret-volume` 目录下的文件：
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```shell
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ls /etc/secret-volume
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```
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<!--
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The output shows two files, one for each piece of secret data:
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-->
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输出包含两个文件，每个对应一个 Secret 数据条目：
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```
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password username
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```
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1. <!--
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In your shell, display the contents of the `username` and `password` files:
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-->
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在 Shell 中，显示 `username` 和 `password` 文件的内容：
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```shell
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# 在容器中 Shell 运行下面命令
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echo "$(cat /etc/secret-volume/username)"
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echo "$(cat /etc/secret-volume/password)"
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```
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<!--
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The output is your username and password:
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-->
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输出为用户名和密码：
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```shell
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my-app
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39528$vdg7Jb
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```
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<!--
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## Define container environment variables using Secret data
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### Define a container environment variable with data from a single Secret
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-->
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## 使用 Secret 数据定义容器变量
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### 使用来自 Secret 中的数据定义容器变量
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<!--
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* Define an environment variable as a key-value pair in a Secret:
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-->
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* 定义环境变量为 Secret 中的键值偶对：
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```shell
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kubectl create secret generic backend-user --from-literal=backend-username='backend-admin'
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```
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<!--
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* Assign the `backend-username` value defined in the Secret to the `SECRET_USERNAME` environment variable in the Pod specification.
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-->
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* 在 Pod 规约中，将 Secret 中定义的值 `backend-username` 赋给 `SECRET_USERNAME` 环境变量
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{{< codenew file="pods/inject/pod-single-secret-env-variable.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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* Create the Pod:
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-->
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* 创建 Pod：
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```shell
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kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/inject/pod-single-secret-env-variable.yaml
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```
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<!--
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* In your shell, display the content of `SECRET_USERNAME` container environment variable
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-->
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* 在 Shell 中，显示容器环境变量 `SECRET_USERNAME` 的内容：
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```shell
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kubectl exec -i -t env-single-secret -- /bin/sh -c 'echo $SECRET_USERNAME'
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```
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输出为：
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```
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backend-admin
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```
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<!--
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### Define container environment variables with data from multiple Secrets
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-->
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### 使用来自多个 Secret 的数据定义环境变量
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<!--
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* As with the previous example, create the Secrets first.
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-->
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* 和前面的例子一样，先创建 Secret：
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```shell
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kubectl create secret generic backend-user --from-literal=backend-username='backend-admin'
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kubectl create secret generic db-user --from-literal=db-username='db-admin'
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```
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<!--
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* Define the environment variables in the Pod specification.
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-->
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* 在 Pod 规约中定义环境变量：
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{{< codenew file="pods/inject/pod-multiple-secret-env-variable.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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* Create the Pod:
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-->
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* 创建 Pod：
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```shell
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kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/inject/pod-multiple-secret-env-variable.yaml
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```
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<!--
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* In your shell, display the container environment variables
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-->
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* 在你的 Shell 中，显示容器环境变量的内容：
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```shell
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kubectl exec -i -t envvars-multiple-secrets -- /bin/sh -c 'env | grep _USERNAME'
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```
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输出：
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```
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DB_USERNAME=db-admin
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BACKEND_USERNAME=backend-admin
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```
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<!--
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## Configure all key-value pairs in a Secret as container environment variables
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-->
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## 将 Secret 中的所有键值偶对定义为环境变量
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<!--
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This functionality is available in Kubernetes v1.6 and later.
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-->
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{{< note >}}
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此功能在 Kubernetes 1.6 版本之后可用。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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* Create a Secret containing multiple key-value pairs
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-->
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* 创建包含多个键值偶对的 Secret：
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```shell
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kubectl create secret generic test-secret --from-literal=username='my-app' --from-literal=password='39528$vdg7Jb'
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```
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<!--
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* Use envFrom to define all of the Secret's data as container environment variables. The key from the Secret becomes the environment variable name in the Pod.
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-->
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* 使用 `envFrom` 来将 Secret 中的所有数据定义为环境变量。
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Secret 中的键名成为容器中的环境变量名：
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{{< codenew file="pods/inject/pod-secret-envFrom.yaml" >}}
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<!--
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* Create the Pod:
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-->
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* 创建 Pod：
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```shell
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kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/inject/pod-secret-envFrom.yaml
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```
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<!--
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* In your shell, display `username` and `password` container environment variables
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-->
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* 在 Shell 中，显示环境变量 `username` 和 `password` 的内容：
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```shell
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kubectl exec -i -t envfrom-secret -- /bin/sh -c 'echo "username: $username\npassword: $password\n"'
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```
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输出为：
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```
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username: my-app
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password: 39528$vdg7Jb
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```
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<!-- ### References -->
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### 参考
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* [Secret](/docs/api-reference/{{< param "version" >}}/#secret-v1-core)
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* [Volume](/docs/api-reference/{{< param "version" >}}/#volume-v1-core)
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* [Pod](/docs/api-reference/{{< param "version" >}}/#pod-v1-core)
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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<!--
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* Learn more about [Secrets](/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/).
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* Learn about [Volumes](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/).
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-->
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* 进一步了解 [Secret](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/)。
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* 了解 [Volumes](/zh/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/)。
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