214 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
214 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 获取正在运行容器的 Shell
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content_type: task
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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<!--
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This page shows how to use `kubectl exec` to get a shell to a
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running container.
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-->
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本文介绍怎样使用 `kubectl exec` 命令获取正在运行容器的 Shell。
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}}
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<!-- steps -->
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<!--
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## Getting a shell to a Container
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-->
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## 获取容器的 Shell
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<!--
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In this exercise, you create a Pod that has one container. The container
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runs the nginx image. Here is the configuration file for the Pod:
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-->
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在本练习中，你将创建包含一个容器的 Pod。容器运行 nginx 镜像。下面是 Pod 的配置文件：
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{{% code_sample file="application/shell-demo.yaml" %}}
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<!--
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Create the Pod:
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-->
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创建 Pod：
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/shell-demo.yaml
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```
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<!--
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Verify that the container is running:
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-->
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检查容器是否运行正常：
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```shell
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kubectl get pod shell-demo
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```
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<!--
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Get a shell to the running container:
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-->
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获取正在运行容器的 Shell：
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```shell
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kubectl exec --stdin --tty shell-demo -- /bin/bash
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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The double dash (`--`) separates the arguments you want to pass to the command from the kubectl arguments.
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-->
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双破折号 "--" 用于将要传递给命令的参数与 kubectl 的参数分开。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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In your shell, list the root directory:
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-->
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在 shell 中，打印根目录：
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```shell
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# 在容器内运行如下命令
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ls /
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```
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<!--
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In your shell, experiment with other commands. Here are
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some examples:
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-->
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在 shell 中，实验其他命令。下面是一些示例：
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```shell
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# 你可以在容器中运行这些示例命令
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ls /
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cat /proc/mounts
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cat /proc/1/maps
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apt-get update
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apt-get install -y tcpdump
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tcpdump
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apt-get install -y lsof
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lsof
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apt-get install -y procps
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ps aux
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ps aux | grep nginx
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```
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<!--
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## Writing the root page for nginx
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-->
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## 编写 nginx 的根页面
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<!--
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Look again at the configuration file for your Pod. The Pod
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has an `emptyDir` volume, and the container mounts the volume
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at `/usr/share/nginx/html`.
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-->
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再看一下 Pod 的配置文件。该 Pod 有个 `emptyDir` 卷，容器将该卷挂载到了 `/usr/share/nginx/html`。
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<!--
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In your shell, create an `index.html` file in the `/usr/share/nginx/html`
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directory:
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-->
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在 shell 中，在 `/usr/share/nginx/html` 目录创建一个 `index.html` 文件：
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```shell
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# 在容器内运行如下命令
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echo 'Hello shell demo' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
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```
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<!--
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In your shell, send a GET request to the nginx server:
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-->
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在 shell 中，向 nginx 服务器发送 GET 请求：
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```shell
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# 在容器内运行如下命令
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apt-get update
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apt-get install curl
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curl http://localhost/
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```
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<!--
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The output shows the text that you wrote to the `index.html` file:
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-->
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输出结果显示了你在 `index.html` 中写入的文本。
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```shell
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Hello shell demo
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```
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<!--
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When you are finished with your shell, enter `exit`.
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-->
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当用完 shell 后，输入 `exit` 退出。
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```shell
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exit # 快速退出容器内的 Shell
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```
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<!--
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## Running individual commands in a Container
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-->
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## 在容器中运行单个命令
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<!--
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In an ordinary command window, not your shell, list the environment
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variables in the running container:
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-->
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在普通的命令窗口（而不是 shell）中，打印环境运行容器中的变量：
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```shell
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kubectl exec shell-demo -- env
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```
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<!--
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Experiment with running other commands. Here are some examples:
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-->
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实验运行其他命令。下面是一些示例：
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```shell
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kubectl exec shell-demo -- ps aux
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kubectl exec shell-demo -- ls /
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kubectl exec shell-demo -- cat /proc/1/mounts
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```
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<!-- discussion -->
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<!--
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## Opening a shell when a Pod has more than one Container
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-->
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## 当 Pod 包含多个容器时打开 shell
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<!--
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If a Pod has more than one container, use `--container` or `-c` to
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specify a container in the `kubectl exec` command. For example,
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suppose you have a Pod named my-pod, and the Pod has two containers
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named _main-app_ and _helper-app_. The following command would open a
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shell to the _main-app_ container.
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-->
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如果 Pod 有多个容器，`--container` 或者 `-c` 可以在 `kubectl exec` 命令中指定容器。
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例如，你有个名为 my-pod 的 Pod，该 Pod 有两个容器分别为 **main-app** 和 **healper-app**。
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下面的命令将会打开一个 shell 访问 **main-app** 容器。
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```shell
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kubectl exec -i -t my-pod --container main-app -- /bin/bash
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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The short options `-i` and `-t` are the same as the long options `--stdin` and `--tty`
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-->
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短的命令参数 `-i` 和 `-t` 与长的命令参数 `--stdin` 和 `--tty` 作用相同。
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{{< /note >}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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<!--
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* Read about [kubectl exec](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#exec)
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-->
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* 阅读 [kubectl exec](/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands/#exec)。
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