565 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
565 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
title: 你好，Minikube
|
||
content_type: tutorial
|
||
weight: 5
|
||
menu:
|
||
main:
|
||
title: "Get Started"
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
post: >
|
||
<p>准备好动手操作了么？构建一个简单的 Kubernetes 集群来运行示例应用。</p>
|
||
card:
|
||
name: tutorials
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
---
|
||
<!--
|
||
title: Hello Minikube
|
||
content_type: tutorial
|
||
weight: 5
|
||
menu:
|
||
main:
|
||
title: "Get Started"
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
post: >
|
||
<p>Ready to get your hands dirty? Build a simple Kubernetes cluster that runs a sample app.</p>
|
||
card:
|
||
name: tutorials
|
||
weight: 10
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<!-- overview -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
This tutorial shows you how to run a sample app on Kubernetes using minikube.
|
||
The tutorial provides a container image that uses NGINX to echo back all the requests.
|
||
-->
|
||
本教程向你展示如何使用 Minikube 在 Kubernetes 上运行一个应用示例。
|
||
教程提供了容器镜像，使用 NGINX 来对所有请求做出回应。
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "objectives" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
* Deploy a sample application to minikube.
|
||
* Run the app.
|
||
* View application logs.
|
||
-->
|
||
* 将一个示例应用部署到 Minikube。
|
||
* 运行应用程序。
|
||
* 查看应用日志。
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
This tutorial assumes that you have already set up `minikube`.
|
||
See __Step 1__ in [minikube start](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/) for installation instructions.
|
||
-->
|
||
本教程假设你已经安装了 `minikube`。
|
||
有关安装说明，请参阅 [minikube start](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/) 的**步骤 1**。
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
Only execute the instructions in __Step 1, Installation__. The rest is covered on this page.
|
||
-->
|
||
仅执行**步骤 1：安装**中的说明，其余内容均包含在本页中。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
You also need to install `kubectl`.
|
||
See [Install tools](/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl) for installation instructions.
|
||
-->
|
||
你还需要安装 `kubectl`。
|
||
有关安装说明，请参阅[安装工具](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl)。
|
||
|
||
<!-- lessoncontent -->
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Create a minikube cluster
|
||
-->
|
||
## 创建 Minikube 集群 {#create-a-minikube-cluster}
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube start
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Open the Dashboard
|
||
|
||
Open the Kubernetes dashboard. You can do this two different ways:
|
||
-->
|
||
## 打开仪表板 {#open-the-dashboard}
|
||
|
||
打开 Kubernetes 仪表板。你可以通过两种不同的方式执行此操作：
|
||
|
||
{{< tabs name="dashboard" >}}
|
||
{{% tab name="启动浏览器" %}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
Open a **new** terminal, and run:
|
||
-->
|
||
打开一个**新的**终端，然后运行：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 启动一个新的终端，并保持此命令运行。
|
||
minikube dashboard
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Now, switch back to the terminal where you ran `minikube start`.
|
||
-->
|
||
现在，切换回运行 `minikube start` 的终端。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The `dashboard` command enables the dashboard add-on and opens the proxy in the default web browser.
|
||
You can create Kubernetes resources on the dashboard such as Deployment and Service.
|
||
|
||
To find out how to avoid directly invoking the browser from the terminal and get a URL for the web dashboard, see the "URL copy and paste" tab.
|
||
|
||
By default, the dashboard is only accessible from within the internal Kubernetes virtual network.
|
||
The `dashboard` command creates a temporary proxy to make the dashboard accessible from outside the Kubernetes virtual network.
|
||
|
||
To stop the proxy, run `Ctrl+C` to exit the process.
|
||
After the command exits, the dashboard remains running in the Kubernetes cluster.
|
||
You can run the `dashboard` command again to create another proxy to access the dashboard.
|
||
-->
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
`dashboard` 命令启用仪表板插件，并在默认的 Web 浏览器中打开代理。
|
||
你可以在仪表板上创建 Kubernetes 资源，例如 Deployment 和 Service。
|
||
|
||
要了解如何避免从终端直接调用浏览器并获取 Web 仪表板的 URL，请参阅
|
||
"URL 复制和粘贴"选项卡。
|
||
|
||
默认情况下，仪表板只能从内部 Kubernetes 虚拟网络中访问。
|
||
`dashboard` 命令创建一个临时代理，使仪表板可以从 Kubernetes 虚拟网络外部访问。
|
||
|
||
要停止代理，请运行 `Ctrl+C` 退出该进程。仪表板仍在运行中。
|
||
命令退出后，仪表板仍然在 Kubernetes 集群中运行。
|
||
你可以再次运行 `dashboard` 命令创建另一个代理来访问仪表板。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
{{% tab name="URL 复制粘贴" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you don't want minikube to open a web browser for you, run the `dashboard` subcommand with the
|
||
`--url` flag. `minikube` outputs a URL that you can open in the browser you prefer:
|
||
|
||
Open a **new** terminal, and run:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你不想 Minikube 为你打开 Web 浏览器，可以使用 `--url` 标志运行 `dashboard` 子命令。
|
||
`minikube` 会输出一个 URL，你可以在你喜欢的浏览器中打开该 URL。
|
||
|
||
打开一个**新的**终端，然后运行：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 启动一个新的终端，并保持此命令运行。
|
||
minikube dashboard --url
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Now, you can use this URL and switch back to the terminal where you ran `minikube start`.
|
||
-->
|
||
现在，你可以使用此 URL 并切换回运行 `minikube start` 的终端。
|
||
|
||
{{% /tab %}}
|
||
{{< /tabs >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Create a Deployment
|
||
|
||
A Kubernetes [*Pod*](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/) is a group of one or more Containers,
|
||
tied together for the purposes of administration and networking. The Pod in this
|
||
tutorial has only one Container. A Kubernetes
|
||
[*Deployment*](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) checks on the health of your
|
||
Pod and restarts the Pod's Container if it terminates. Deployments are the
|
||
recommended way to manage the creation and scaling of Pods.
|
||
-->
|
||
## 创建 Deployment {#create-a-deployment}
|
||
|
||
Kubernetes [**Pod**](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/)
|
||
是由一个或多个为了管理和联网而绑定在一起的容器构成的组。本教程中的 Pod 只有一个容器。
|
||
Kubernetes [**Deployment**](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)
|
||
检查 Pod 的健康状况，并在 Pod 中的容器终止的情况下重新启动新的容器。
|
||
Deployment 是管理 Pod 创建和扩展的推荐方法。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Use the `kubectl create` command to create a Deployment that manages a Pod. The
|
||
Pod runs a Container based on the provided Docker image.
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 使用 `kubectl create` 命令创建管理 Pod 的 Deployment。该 Pod 根据提供的 Docker
|
||
镜像运行容器。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 运行包含 Web 服务器的测试容器镜像
|
||
kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.39 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View the Deployment:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 查看 Deployment：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get deployments
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
||
hello-node 1/1 1 1 1m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View the Pod:
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 查看 Pod：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
hello-node-5f76cf6ccf-br9b5 1/1 Running 0 1m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View cluster events:
|
||
-->
|
||
4. 查看集群事件：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get events
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View the `kubectl` configuration:
|
||
-->
|
||
5. 查看 `kubectl` 配置：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl config view
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View application logs for a container in a pod.
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 查看 Pod 中容器的应用程序日志。
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl logs hello-node-5f76cf6ccf-br9b5
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
输出类似于：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
I0911 09:19:26.677397 1 log.go:195] Started HTTP server on port 8080
|
||
I0911 09:19:26.677586 1 log.go:195] Started UDP server on port 8081
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
{{< note >}}
|
||
<!--
|
||
For more information about `kubectl` commands, see the [kubectl overview](/docs/reference/kubectl/).
|
||
-->
|
||
有关 `kubectl` 命令的更多信息，请参阅 [kubectl 概述](/zh-cn/docs/reference/kubectl/)。
|
||
{{< /note >}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Create a Service
|
||
|
||
By default, the Pod is only accessible by its internal IP address within the
|
||
Kubernetes cluster. To make the `hello-node` Container accessible from outside the
|
||
Kubernetes virtual network, you have to expose the Pod as a
|
||
Kubernetes [*Service*](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
|
||
-->
|
||
## 创建 Service {#create-a-service}
|
||
|
||
默认情况下，Pod 只能通过 Kubernetes 集群中的内部 IP 地址访问。
|
||
要使得 `hello-node` 容器可以从 Kubernetes 虚拟网络的外部访问，你必须将 Pod
|
||
暴露为 Kubernetes [**Service**](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Expose the Pod to the public internet using the `kubectl expose` command:
|
||
-->
|
||
1. 使用 `kubectl expose` 命令将 Pod 暴露给公网：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The `--type=LoadBalancer` flag indicates that you want to expose your Service
|
||
outside of the cluster.
|
||
|
||
The application code inside the test image only listens on TCP port 8080. If you used
|
||
`kubectl expose` to expose a different port, clients could not connect to that other port.
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
这里的 `--type=LoadBalancer` 参数表明你希望将你的 Service 暴露到集群外部。
|
||
|
||
测试镜像中的应用程序代码仅监听 TCP 8080 端口。
|
||
如果你用 `kubectl expose` 暴露了其它的端口，客户端将不能访问其它端口。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
2. View the Service you created:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 查看你创建的 Service：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get services
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
hello-node LoadBalancer 10.108.144.78 <pending> 8080:30369/TCP 21s
|
||
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 23m
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
On cloud providers that support load balancers,
|
||
an external IP address would be provisioned to access the Service. On minikube,
|
||
the `LoadBalancer` type makes the Service accessible through the `minikube service`
|
||
command.
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
对于支持负载均衡器的云服务平台而言，平台将提供一个外部 IP 来访问该服务。
|
||
在 Minikube 上，`LoadBalancer` 使得服务可以通过命令 `minikube service` 访问。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
3. Run the following command:
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 运行下面的命令：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube service hello-node
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
This opens up a browser window that serves your app and shows the app's response.
|
||
-->
|
||
这将打开一个浏览器窗口，为你的应用程序提供服务并显示应用的响应。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Enable addons
|
||
|
||
The minikube tool includes a set of built-in {{< glossary_tooltip text="addons" term_id="addons" >}}
|
||
hat can be enabled, disabled and opened in the local Kubernetes environment.
|
||
|
||
1. List the currently supported addons:
|
||
-->
|
||
## 启用插件 {#enable-addons}
|
||
|
||
Minikube 有一组内置的{{< glossary_tooltip text="插件" term_id="addons" >}}，
|
||
可以在本地 Kubernetes 环境中启用、禁用和打开。
|
||
|
||
1. 列出当前支持的插件：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube addons list
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
addon-manager: enabled
|
||
dashboard: enabled
|
||
default-storageclass: enabled
|
||
efk: disabled
|
||
freshpod: disabled
|
||
gvisor: disabled
|
||
helm-tiller: disabled
|
||
ingress: disabled
|
||
ingress-dns: disabled
|
||
logviewer: disabled
|
||
metrics-server: disabled
|
||
nvidia-driver-installer: disabled
|
||
nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled
|
||
registry: disabled
|
||
registry-creds: disabled
|
||
storage-provisioner: enabled
|
||
storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Enable an addon, for example, `metrics-server`:
|
||
-->
|
||
2. 启用插件，例如 `metrics-server`：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube addons enable metrics-server
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
The 'metrics-server' addon is enabled
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. View the Pod and Service you created by installing that addon:
|
||
-->
|
||
3. 查看通过安装该插件所创建的 Pod 和 Service：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pod,svc -n kube-system
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
|
||
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-mh9ll 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-pqd2t 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/metrics-server-67fb648c5 1/1 Running 0 26s
|
||
pod/etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/influxdb-grafana-b29w8 2/2 Running 0 26s
|
||
pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/kube-proxy-rnlps 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
pod/storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 34m
|
||
|
||
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
|
||
service/metrics-server ClusterIP 10.96.241.45 <none> 80/TCP 26s
|
||
service/kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 34m
|
||
service/monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.99.24.54 <none> 80:30002/TCP 26s
|
||
service/monitoring-influxdb ClusterIP 10.111.169.94 <none> 8083/TCP,8086/TCP 26s
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Check the output from `metrics-server`:
|
||
-->
|
||
4. 检查 `metrics-server` 的输出：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl top pods
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
输出类似于：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
NAME CPU(cores) MEMORY(bytes)
|
||
hello-node-ccf4b9788-4jn97 1m 6Mi
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you see the following message, wait, and try again:
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你看到以下消息，请等待并重试：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
error: Metrics API not available
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
1. Disable `metrics-server`:
|
||
--->
|
||
5. 禁用 `metrics-server`：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube addons disable metrics-server
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
The output is similar to:
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
输出结果类似于这样：
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
metrics-server was successfully disabled
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Clean up
|
||
|
||
Now you can clean up the resources you created in your cluster:
|
||
-->
|
||
## 清理 {#clean-up}
|
||
|
||
现在可以清理你在集群中创建的资源：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl delete service hello-node
|
||
kubectl delete deployment hello-node
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Stop the Minikube cluster
|
||
-->
|
||
停止 Minikube 集群：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
minikube stop
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
Optionally, delete the Minikube VM:
|
||
-->
|
||
可选地，删除 Minikube 虚拟机（VM）：
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 可选的
|
||
minikube delete
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
If you want to use minikube again to learn more about Kubernetes, you don't need to delete it.
|
||
-->
|
||
如果你还想使用 Minikube 进一步学习 Kubernetes，那就不需要删除 Minikube。
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
## Conclusion
|
||
|
||
This page covered the basic aspects to get a minikube cluster up and running. You are now ready to deploy applications.
|
||
-->
|
||
## 结论
|
||
|
||
本页介绍了启动和运行 minikube 集群的基本知识，现在部署应用的准备工作已经完成。
|
||
|
||
## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
* Tutorial to _[deploy your first app on Kubernetes with kubectl](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro/)_.
|
||
* Learn more about [Deployment objects](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/).
|
||
* Learn more about [Deploying applications](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/).
|
||
* Learn more about [Service objects](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/).
|
||
-->
|
||
* **[使用 kubectl 在 Kubernetes 上部署你的第一个应用程序](/zh-cn/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro/)**教程。
|
||
* 进一步了解 [Deployment 对象](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/)。
|
||
* 进一步了解[部署应用](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)。
|
||
* 进一步了解 [Service 对象](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)。
|