leetcode-master/problems/0018.四数之和.md

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<p align="center">
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<img src="../pics/训练营.png" width="1000"/>
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<p align="center"><strong><a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/tqCxrMEU-ajQumL1i8im9A">参与本项目</a>,贡献其他语言版本的代码,拥抱开源,让更多学习算法的小伙伴们收益!</strong></p>
> 一样的道理,能解决四数之和
> 那么五数之和、六数之和、N数之和呢
# 第18题. 四数之和
[力扣题目链接](https://leetcode.cn/problems/4sum/)
题意给定一个包含 n 个整数的数组 nums 和一个目标值 target判断 nums 中是否存在四个元素 abc 和 d 使得 a + b + c + d 的值与 target 相等找出所有满足条件且不重复的四元组。
**注意:**
答案中不可以包含重复的四元组。
示例:
给定数组 nums = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2],和 target = 0。
满足要求的四元组集合为:
[
[-1, 0, 0, 1],
[-2, -1, 1, 2],
[-2, 0, 0, 2]
]
# 思路
针对本题,我录制了视频讲解:[难在去重和剪枝!| LeetCode18. 四数之和](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DS4y147US),结合本题解一起看,事半功倍!
四数之和,和[15.三数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html)是一个思路,都是使用双指针法, 基本解法就是在[15.三数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html) 的基础上再套一层for循环。
但是有一些细节需要注意,例如: 不要判断`nums[k] > target` 就返回了,三数之和 可以通过 `nums[i] > 0` 就返回了,因为 0 已经是确定的数了,四数之和这道题目 target是任意值。比如数组是`[-4, -3, -2, -1]``target`是`-10`,不能因为`-4 > -10`而跳过。但是我们依旧可以去做剪枝,逻辑变成`nums[i] > target && (nums[i] >=0 || target >= 0)`就可以了。
[15.三数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html)的双指针解法是一层for循环num[i]为确定值然后循环内有left和right下标作为双指针找到nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] == 0。
四数之和的双指针解法是两层for循环nums[k] + nums[i]为确定值依然是循环内有left和right下标作为双指针找出nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] == target的情况三数之和的时间复杂度是O(n^2)四数之和的时间复杂度是O(n^3) 。
那么一样的道理,五数之和、六数之和等等都采用这种解法。
对于[15.三数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html)双指针法就是将原本暴力O(n^3)的解法降为O(n^2)的解法四数之和的双指针解法就是将原本暴力O(n^4)的解法降为O(n^3)的解法。
之前我们讲过哈希表的经典题目:[454.四数相加II](https://programmercarl.com/0454.四数相加II.html)相对于本题简单很多因为本题是要求在一个集合中找出四个数相加等于target同时四元组不能重复。
而[454.四数相加II](https://programmercarl.com/0454.四数相加II.html)是四个独立的数组只要找到A[i] + B[j] + C[k] + D[l] = 0就可以不用考虑有重复的四个元素相加等于0的情况所以相对于本题还是简单了不少
我们来回顾一下,几道题目使用了双指针法。
双指针法将时间复杂度O(n^2)的解法优化为 O(n)的解法。也就是降一个数量级,题目如下:
* [27.移除元素](https://programmercarl.com/0027.移除元素.html)
* [15.三数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0015.三数之和.html)
* [18.四数之和](https://programmercarl.com/0018.四数之和.html)
链表相关双指针题目:
* [206.反转链表](https://programmercarl.com/0206.翻转链表.html)
* [19.删除链表的倒数第N个节点](https://programmercarl.com/0019.删除链表的倒数第N个节点.html)
* [面试题 02.07. 链表相交](https://programmercarl.com/面试题02.07.链表相交.html)
* [142题.环形链表II](https://programmercarl.com/0142.环形链表II.html)
双指针法在字符串题目中还有很多应用,后面还会介绍到。
C++代码
```CPP
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> fourSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
vector<vector<int>> result;
sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
for (int k = 0; k < nums.size(); k++) {
// 剪枝处理
if (nums[k] > target && nums[k] >= 0) {
break; // 这里使用break统一通过最后的return返回
}
// 对nums[k]去重
if (k > 0 && nums[k] == nums[k - 1]) {
continue;
}
for (int i = k + 1; i < nums.size(); i++) {
// 2级剪枝处理
if (nums[k] + nums[i] > target && nums[k] + nums[i] >= 0) {
break;
}
// 对nums[i]去重
if (i > k + 1 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1]) {
continue;
}
int left = i + 1;
int right = nums.size() - 1;
while (right > left) {
// nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] > target 会溢出
if ((long) nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] > target) {
right--;
// nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] < target 会溢出
} else if ((long) nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] < target) {
left++;
} else {
result.push_back(vector<int>{nums[k], nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]});
// 对nums[left]和nums[right]去重
while (right > left && nums[right] == nums[right - 1]) right--;
while (right > left && nums[left] == nums[left + 1]) left++;
// 找到答案时,双指针同时收缩
right--;
left++;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
};
```
## 补充
二级剪枝的部分:
```C++
if (nums[k] + nums[i] > target && nums[k] + nums[i] >= 0) {
break;
}
```
可以优化为:
```C++
if (nums[k] + nums[i] > target && nums[i] >= 0) {
break;
}
```
因为只要 nums[k] + nums[i] > target那么 nums[i] 后面的数都是正数的话,就一定 不符合条件了。
不过这种剪枝 其实有点 小绕,大家能够理解 文章给的完整代码的剪枝 就够了。
## 其他语言版本
Java
```Java
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> fourSum(int[] nums, int target) {
List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<>();
Arrays.sort(nums);
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
// nums[i] > target 直接返回, 剪枝操作
if (nums[i] > 0 && nums[i] > target) {
return result;
}
if (i > 0 && nums[i - 1] == nums[i]) { // 对nums[i]去重
continue;
}
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
if (j > i + 1 && nums[j - 1] == nums[j]) { // 对nums[j]去重
continue;
}
int left = j + 1;
int right = nums.length - 1;
while (right > left) {
// nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right] > target int会溢出
long sum = (long) nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right];
if (sum > target) {
right--;
} else if (sum < target) {
left++;
} else {
result.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]));
// 对nums[left]和nums[right]去重
while (right > left && nums[right] == nums[right - 1]) right--;
while (right > left && nums[left] == nums[left + 1]) left++;
left++;
right--;
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
```
Python
```python
# 双指针法
class Solution:
def fourSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
nums.sort()
n = len(nums)
res = []
for i in range(n):
if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i - 1]: continue # 对nums[i]去重
for k in range(i+1, n):
if k > i + 1 and nums[k] == nums[k-1]: continue # 对nums[k]去重
p = k + 1
q = n - 1
while p < q:
if nums[i] + nums[k] + nums[p] + nums[q] > target: q -= 1
elif nums[i] + nums[k] + nums[p] + nums[q] < target: p += 1
else:
res.append([nums[i], nums[k], nums[p], nums[q]])
# 对nums[p]和nums[q]去重
while p < q and nums[p] == nums[p + 1]: p += 1
while p < q and nums[q] == nums[q - 1]: q -= 1
p += 1
q -= 1
return res
```
```python
# 哈希表法
class Solution(object):
def fourSum(self, nums, target):
"""
:type nums: List[int]
:type target: int
:rtype: List[List[int]]
"""
# use a dict to store value:showtimes
hashmap = dict()
for n in nums:
if n in hashmap:
hashmap[n] += 1
else:
hashmap[n] = 1
# good thing about using python is you can use set to drop duplicates.
ans = set()
# ans = [] # save results by list()
for i in range(len(nums)):
for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):
for k in range(j + 1, len(nums)):
val = target - (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k])
if val in hashmap:
# make sure no duplicates.
count = (nums[i] == val) + (nums[j] == val) + (nums[k] == val)
if hashmap[val] > count:
ans_tmp = tuple(sorted([nums[i], nums[j], nums[k], val]))
ans.add(ans_tmp)
# Avoiding duplication in list manner but it cause time complexity increases
# if ans_tmp not in ans:
# ans.append(ans_tmp)
else:
continue
return list(ans)
# if used list() to save results, just
# return ans
```
Go
```go
func fourSum(nums []int, target int) [][]int {
if len(nums) < 4 {
return nil
}
sort.Ints(nums)
var res [][]int
for i := 0; i < len(nums)-3; i++ {
n1 := nums[i]
// if n1 > target { // 不能这样写,因为可能是负数
// break
// }
if i > 0 && n1 == nums[i-1] { // 对nums[i]去重
continue
}
for j := i + 1; j < len(nums)-2; j++ {
n2 := nums[j]
if j > i+1 && n2 == nums[j-1] { // 对nums[j]去重
continue
}
l := j + 1
r := len(nums) - 1
for l < r {
n3 := nums[l]
n4 := nums[r]
sum := n1 + n2 + n3 + n4
if sum < target {
l++
} else if sum > target {
r--
} else {
res = append(res, []int{n1, n2, n3, n4})
for l < r && n3 == nums[l+1] { // 去重
l++
}
for l < r && n4 == nums[r-1] { // 去重
r--
}
// 找到答案时,双指针同时靠近
r--
l++
}
}
}
}
return res
}
```
javaScript:
```js
/**
* @param {number[]} nums
* @param {number} target
* @return {number[][]}
*/
var fourSum = function(nums, target) {
const len = nums.length;
if(len < 4) return [];
nums.sort((a, b) => a - b);
const res = [];
for(let i = 0; i < len - 3; i++) {
// 去重i
if(i > 0 && nums[i] === nums[i - 1]) continue;
for(let j = i + 1; j < len - 2; j++) {
// 去重j
if(j > i + 1 && nums[j] === nums[j - 1]) continue;
let l = j + 1, r = len - 1;
while(l < r) {
const sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[l] + nums[r];
if(sum < target) { l++; continue}
if(sum > target) { r--; continue}
res.push([nums[i], nums[j], nums[l], nums[r]]);
// 对nums[left]和nums[right]去重
while(l < r && nums[l] === nums[++l]);
while(l < r && nums[r] === nums[--r]);
}
}
}
return res;
};
```
TypeScript
```typescript
function fourSum(nums: number[], target: number): number[][] {
nums.sort((a, b) => a - b);
let first: number = 0,
second: number,
third: number,
fourth: number;
let length: number = nums.length;
let resArr: number[][] = [];
for (; first < length; first++) {
if (first > 0 && nums[first] === nums[first - 1]) {
continue;
}
for (second = first + 1; second < length; second++) {
if ((second - first) > 1 && nums[second] === nums[second - 1]) {
continue;
}
third = second + 1;
fourth = length - 1;
while (third < fourth) {
let total: number = nums[first] + nums[second] + nums[third] + nums[fourth];
if (total === target) {
resArr.push([nums[first], nums[second], nums[third], nums[fourth]]);
third++;
fourth--;
while (nums[third] === nums[third - 1]) third++;
while (nums[fourth] === nums[fourth + 1]) fourth--;
} else if (total < target) {
third++;
} else {
fourth--;
}
}
}
}
return resArr;
};
```
PHP:
```php
class Solution {
/**
* @param Integer[] $nums
* @param Integer $target
* @return Integer[][]
*/
function fourSum($nums, $target) {
$res = [];
sort($nums);
for ($i = 0; $i < count($nums); $i++) {
if ($i > 0 && $nums[$i] == $nums[$i - 1]) {
continue;
}
for ($j = $i + 1; $j < count($nums); $j++) {
if ($j > $i + 1 && $nums[$j] == $nums[$j - 1]) {
continue;
}
$left = $j + 1;
$right = count($nums) - 1;
while ($left < $right) {
$sum = $nums[$i] + $nums[$j] + $nums[$left] + $nums[$right];
if ($sum < $target) {
$left++;
}
else if ($sum > $target) {
$right--;
}
else {
$res[] = [$nums[$i], $nums[$j], $nums[$left], $nums[$right]];
while ($left < $right && $nums[$left] == $nums[$left+1]) $left++;
while ($left < $right && $nums[$right] == $nums[$right-1]) $right--;
$left++;
$right--;
}
}
}
}
return $res;
}
}
```
Swift:
```swift
func fourSum(_ nums: [Int], _ target: Int) -> [[Int]] {
var res = [[Int]]()
var sorted = nums
sorted.sort()
for k in 0 ..< sorted.count {
// 这种剪枝不行,target可能是负数
// if sorted[k] > target {
// return res
// }
// 去重
if k > 0 && sorted[k] == sorted[k - 1] {
continue
}
let target2 = target - sorted[k]
for i in (k + 1) ..< sorted.count {
if i > (k + 1) && sorted[i] == sorted[i - 1] {
continue
}
var left = i + 1
var right = sorted.count - 1
while left < right {
let sum = sorted[i] + sorted[left] + sorted[right]
if sum < target2 {
left += 1
} else if sum > target2 {
right -= 1
} else {
res.append([sorted[k], sorted[i], sorted[left], sorted[right]])
while left < right && sorted[left] == sorted[left + 1] {
left += 1
}
while left < right && sorted[right] == sorted[right - 1] {
right -= 1
}
// 找到答案 双指针同时收缩
left += 1
right -= 1
}
}
}
}
return res
}
```
C#:
```csharp
public class Solution
{
public IList<IList<int>> FourSum(int[] nums, int target)
{
var result = new List<IList<int>>();
Array.Sort(nums);
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length - 3; i++)
{
int n1 = nums[i];
if (i > 0 && n1 == nums[i - 1])
continue;
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.Length - 2; j++)
{
int n2 = nums[j];
if (j > i + 1 && n2 == nums[j - 1])
continue;
int left = j + 1;
int right = nums.Length - 1;
while (left < right)
{
int n3 = nums[left];
int n4 = nums[right];
int sum = n1 + n2 + n3 + n4;
if (sum > target)
{
right--;
}
else if (sum < target)
{
left++;
}
else
{
result.Add(new List<int> { n1, n2, n3, n4 });
while (left < right && nums[left] == n3)
{
left++;
}
while (left < right && nums[right] == n4)
{
right--;
}
}
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
```
Rust:
```Rust
use std::cmp::Ordering;
impl Solution {
pub fn four_sum(nums: Vec<i32>, target: i32) -> Vec<Vec<i32>> {
let mut result: Vec<Vec<i32>> = Vec::new();
let mut nums = nums;
nums.sort();
let len = nums.len();
for k in 0..len {
// 剪枝
if nums[k] > target && (nums[k] > 0 || target > 0) { break; }
// 去重
if k > 0 && nums[k] == nums[k - 1] { continue; }
for i in (k + 1)..len {
// 剪枝
if nums[k] + nums[i] > target && (nums[k] + nums[i] >= 0 || target >= 0) { break; }
// 去重
if i > k + 1 && nums[i] == nums[i - 1] { continue; }
let (mut left, mut right) = (i + 1, len - 1);
while left < right {
match (nums[k] + nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right]).cmp(&target){
Ordering::Equal => {
result.push(vec![nums[k], nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]]);
left += 1;
right -= 1;
while left < right && nums[left] == nums[left - 1]{
left += 1;
}
while left < right && nums[right] == nums[right + 1]{
right -= 1;
}
}
Ordering::Less => {
left +=1;
},
Ordering::Greater => {
right -= 1;
}
}
}
}
}
result
}
}
```
Scala:
```scala
object Solution {
// 导包
import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
import scala.util.control.Breaks.{break, breakable}
def fourSum(nums: Array[Int], target: Int): List[List[Int]] = {
val res = ListBuffer[List[Int]]()
val nums_tmp = nums.sorted // 先排序
for (i <- nums_tmp.indices) {
breakable {
if (i > 0 && nums_tmp(i) == nums_tmp(i - 1)) {
break // 如果该值和上次的值相同跳过本次循环相当于continue
} else {
for (j <- i + 1 until nums_tmp.length) {
breakable {
if (j > i + 1 && nums_tmp(j) == nums_tmp(j - 1)) {
break // 同上
} else {
// 双指针
var (left, right) = (j + 1, nums_tmp.length - 1)
while (left < right) {
var sum = nums_tmp(i) + nums_tmp(j) + nums_tmp(left) + nums_tmp(right)
if (sum == target) {
// 满足要求,直接加入到集合里面去
res += List(nums_tmp(i), nums_tmp(j), nums_tmp(left), nums_tmp(right))
while (left < right && nums_tmp(left) == nums_tmp(left + 1)) left += 1
while (left < right && nums_tmp(right) == nums_tmp(right - 1)) right -= 1
left += 1
right -= 1
} else if (sum < target) left += 1
else right -= 1
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
// 最终返回的res要转换为Listreturn关键字可以省略
res.toList
}
}
```
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