opentelemetry-java-instrume.../docs/contributing/javaagent-test-infra.md

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# Understanding the javaagent instrumentation testing components
Javaagent instrumentation tests are run using a fully shaded `-javaagent` in order to perform
the same bytecode instrumentation as when the agent is run against a normal app.
There are a few key components that make this possible, described below.
## gradle/instrumentation.gradle
- shades the instrumentation
- adds jvm args to the test configuration
- -javaagent:[agent for testing]
- -Dotel.javaagent.experimental.initializer.jar=[shaded instrumentation jar]
The `otel.javaagent.experimental.initializer.jar` property is used to load the shaded instrumentation jar into the
`AgentClassLoader`, so that the javaagent jar doesn't need to be re-built each time.
## :testing:agent-exporter
This contains the span and metric exporters that are used.
These are in-memory exporters, so that the tests can verify the spans and metrics being exported.
These exporters and the in-memory data live in the `AgentClassLoader`, so tests must access them
using reflection. To simplify this, they store the in-memory data using the OTLP protobuf objects,
so that they can be serialized into byte arrays inside the `AgentClassLoader`, then passed back
to the tests and deserialized inside their class loader where they can be verified. The
`:testing-common` module (described below) hides this complexity from instrumentation test authors.
## :agent-for-testing
This is a custom distro of the javaagent that embeds the `:testing:agent-exporter`.
## :testing-common
This module provides methods to help verify the span and metric data produced by the
instrumentation, hiding the complexity of accessing the in-memory exporters that live in the
`AgentClassLoader`.